制造业集聚对劳动生产率影响的区域差异和产业差异

我国制造业由90年代开始急速向东部地区集聚,但近几年这种集聚态势有所减弱,甚至有一些东部地区行业向其他地区进行了转移,产业集聚存在区域差异导致这种现象的根本原因.并针对产业的行业差异给出产业转移建议.利用我国2007-2009年29个省、市、自治区(不包括青海和西藏)四位码制造业数据探索产业外部性对劳动生产率的影响及这种影响的区域差异和产业差异,有如下发现:首先,"地方化经济"的可分解为"就业密度"和"竞争程度".计量结果表明:1)地区差异:就全国样本来说,就业密度对劳动生产率有正向影响,但对东部地区的影响由2007年的显著正向影响转变为2009年的影响不显著.竞争程度对劳动生产率有正向影响,但2007-2009年三年间,其对东部地区的影响均小于对内陆地区的影响.表明东部地区已经逐步丧失考劳动力集聚所得到的优势,且竞争的负面影响有所显现,2)行业差异:竞争程度对劳动生产率的影响因行业而不同,劳动密集型行业受到竞争程度的正向影响更大,而资本密集型行业受到竞争程度的正向影响较小,即同行业的集聚对劳动密集型行业有利,而对资本密集型行业影响较小,这也是创新点之一.最后,对计量结果进行了现实性分析并提出政策建议,建议劳动密集型行业由东部向中部转移,因为东部已失去了单纯靠劳动力数目提高劳动生产率的优势,并且东部地区企业竞争的负面效应有所显现,同时中部地区也有能力做好承接工作,但是这还要建立在中部加速自身发展和建设的基础之上.     

改进的Zernike矩工业CT图像边缘检测

为提高工业计算机断层扫描(CT)图像亚像素边缘检测的精度和速度,研究了一种改进的Zernike矩边缘检测方法。该方法采用Sobel边缘算子快速检测出图像所有可能的边缘,通过Zernike矩算子对所有可能的边缘进行重新检测,最后,检测出图像的亚像素边缘并计算其精确位置。由于采用Sobel算子检测出可能的边缘使后续Zernike矩算子检测范围缩小,从而减小了运算量,提高了运算速度。对实际CT图像进行的实验结果表明:改进的Zernike矩工业CT图像边缘检测精度绝对误差<0.24 pixel,改进算法的运算速度提高了约70%。     

耐有机溶剂微生物及酶类在生物催化中的应用*

将生物催化剂运用到有机相催化具有多种优势,然而酶是一类不稳定的催化剂很容易在有机溶剂存在的条件下失去活性。耐有机溶剂微生物是一类新颖的极端微生物,它们可以在高浓度的有机溶剂存在的条件下生存,而这类微生物所产的一些酶类往往具有耐有机溶剂的性能。随着这一领域开发和发展,从这类极端微生物中寻找高效生物催化剂逐渐成为新的研究热点,并被越来越多的运用到有机相生物催化领域。本文综述了新型耐有机溶剂催化剂的开发、应用与发展,并讨论了该领域的研究所带来的机遇与挑战。     

钢筋混凝土旧工业厂房结构加固方案优选

当前人们选择旧工业厂房结构加固方案效率低下,且所考虑的因素较为片面,为了全面、高效地解决这一问题,通过综合考虑安全性、经济性、时间性、可行性和适用性等因素,以加固效果显著的工程案例为标准,以全面的18个参数为评价指标,构建了一种基于蛛网面积相似和形状相似的结构加固方案优选模型。该模型中首先运用熵权法确定18个指标权重,并将参数值归一化处理,随后运用Python计算蛛网结构相似度,检索出与目标范例最为相似的源范例。最后以结构加固效果显著的工程为例,验证了该模型能有效减少主观误差,具有较强的实用性,并以此模型优选出了某轧钢厂房结构加固方案。     

水淬渣-累托石颗粒吸附材料的制备及应用

研究了水淬渣-累托石颗粒吸附材料制备工艺条件、再生方法及其去除铜冶炼工业废水中重金属的条件.试验结果表明,累托石与水淬渣的比例为1∶1,另加入10%的添加剂(IS)和50%的水,焙烧温度为400℃时,制成的颗粒吸附材料体积密度为1.06kg/m3,显气孔率为62.29%,吸水率为58.82%,抗压强度为2.22Mpa,吸附效果好,散失率较低.在未调节铜冶炼工业废水pH值的条件下,颗粒吸附材料用量为0.05g/cm3,反应时间为40min,吸附温度为25℃(常温)时,Cu2 、Pb2 、Zn2 、Cd2 、Ni2 的去除率分别为98.2%、96.3%、78.6%、86.2%、64.2%,处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准.颗粒吸附材料对Zn2 、Cu2 有很好的选择性.吸附饱和的颗粒吸附材料用1mol/L氯化钠溶液再生效果好.该颗粒吸附材料具有分离容易、可重复使用、处理效果好、应用前景广阔的优点.     

Low-Cost Potentiometric Sensor for Chloride Measurement in Continuous Industrial Process Control

Recently, the new updates in legislation about drinking water control and human health have increased the demand for novel electrochemical low-cost sensors, such as potentiometric ones. Nowadays, the determination of chloride ion in aqueous solutions has attracted great attention in several fields, from industrial processes to drinking water control. Indeed, chloride plays a crucial role in corrosion, also influencing the final taste of beverages, especially coffee. The main goal is to obtain devices suitable for continuous and real-time analysis. For these reasons, we investigated the possibility to develop an easy, low-cost potentiometric chloride sensor, able to perform analysis in aqueous mediums for long immersion time and reducing the need of periodic calibration. We realized a chloride ion selective electrode made of Ag/AgCl sintered pellet and we tested its response in model solutions compatible with drinking water. The sensor was able to produce a stable, reproducible, and accurate quantification of chloride in 900 s, without the need for a preliminary calibration test. This opens the route to potential applications of this sensor in continuous, in situ, and real time measurement of chloride ions in industrial processes, with a reduced need for periodic maintenance.     

Design and Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives as Cytotoxic Agents through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway Inhibition in HL60 and HepG2 Cancer Cells

In this study, a series of coumarin derivatives, either alone or as hybrids with cinnamic acid, were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cells using the MTT assay. Then, the most active compounds were inspected for their mechanism of cytotoxicity by cell-cycle analysis, RT-PCR, DNA fragmentation, and Western blotting techniques. Cytotoxic results showed that compound (4) had a significant cytotoxic effect against HL60 cells (IC₅₀ = 8.09 µM), while compound (8b) had a noticeable activity against HepG2 cells (IC₅₀ = 13.14 µM). Compounds (4) and (8b) mediated their cytotoxicity via PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition. These results were assured by molecular docking studies. These results support further exploratory research focusing on the therapeutic activity of coumarin derivatives as cytotoxic agents.     

Psidium guajava L. An Incalculable but Underexplored Food Crop: Its Phytochemistry,Ethnopharmacology, and Industrial Applications

Psidium guajava L. (guava) is a small tree known for its fruit flavor that is cultivated almost around the globe in tropical areas. Its fruit is amazingly rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fiber. In different parts of the world, this plant holds a special place with respect to fruit and nutritional items. Pharmacological research has shown that this plant has more potential than just a fruit source; it also has beneficial effects against a variety of chronic diseases due to its rich nutritional and phytochemical profile. The primary goal of this document is to provide an updated overview of Psidium guajava L. and its bioactive secondary metabolites, as well as their availability for further study, with a focus on the health benefits and potential industrial applications. There have been several studies conducted on Psidium guajava L. in relation to its use in the pharmaceutical industry. However, its clinical efficacy and applications are still debatable. Therefore, in this review a detailed study with respect to phytochemistry of the plant through modern instruments such as GC and LC-MS has been discussed. The biological activities of secondary metabolites isolated from this plant have been extensively discussed. In order to perform long-term clinical trials to learn more about their effectiveness as drugs and applications for various health benefits, a structure activity relationship has been established. Based on the literature, it is concluded that this plant has a wide variety of biopharmaceutical applications. As a whole, this article calls for long-term clinical trials to obtain a greater understanding of how it can be used to treat different diseases.     

Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Industrial Robot Based on Multiclass Mahalanobis-Taguchi System for Imbalanced Data

One of the biggest challenges for the fault diagnosis research of industrial robots is that the normal data is far more than the fault data; that is, the data is imbalanced. The traditional diagnosis approaches of industrial robots are more biased toward the majority categories, which makes the diagnosis accuracy of the minority categories decrease. To solve the imbalanced problem, the traditional algorithm is improved by using cost-sensitive learning, single-class learning and other approaches. However, these algorithms also have a series of problems. For instance, it is difficult to estimate the true misclassification cost, overfitting, and long computation time. Therefore, a fault diagnosis approach for industrial robots, based on the Multiclass Mahalanobis-Taguchi system (MMTS), is proposed in this article. It can be classified the categories by measuring the deviation degree from the sample to the reference space, which is more suitable for classifying imbalanced data. The accuracy, G-mean and F-measure are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach on an industrial robot platform. The experimental results show that the proposed approach’s accuracy, F-measure and G-mean improves by an average of 20.74%, 12.85% and 21.68%, compared with the other five traditional approaches when the imbalance ratio is 9. With the increase in the imbalance ratio, the proposed approach has better stability than the traditional algorithms.