Synthesis and antifungal activity of chalcone derivatives

In the present study, using chalcone as a lead compound, a series of its derivatives (compounds 1–30) were designed and synthesised. Their activity of anti-pathogenic fungi of plants has been evaluated. It is found that these compounds have good antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Helminthosprium maydis, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani and Gibberella zeae. Among them, the inhibition of growth for compound 30 against S. sclerotiorum showed 89.9%, with the median effective concentrations (EC₅₀) of 15.4 μg mL^? 1. The inhibition of growth for compounds 28, 29 and 30 at a concentration of 100 μg mL^? 1 against H. maydis is 90.3%, 90.7% and 91.1%, with EC₅₀ of 15.1, 18.3 and 18.1μg mL^? 1, respectively.     

Interactions of DNA with graphene and sensing applications of graphene field-effect transistor devices: A review

Graphene field-effect transistors (GFET) have emerged as powerful detection platforms enabled by the advent of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) production of the unique atomically thin 2D material on a large scale. DNA aptamers, short target-specific oligonucleotides, are excellent sensor moieties for GFETs due to their strong affinity to graphene, relatively short chain-length, selectivity, and a high degree of analyte variability. However, the interaction between DNA and graphene is not fully understood, leading to questions about the structure of surface-bound DNA, including the morphology of DNA nanostructures and the nature of the electronic response seen from analyte binding. This review critically evaluates recent insights into the nature of the DNA graphene interaction and its affect on sensor viability for DNA, small molecules, and proteins with respect to previously established sensing methods. We first discuss the sorption of DNA to graphene to introduce the interactions and forces acting in DNA based GFET devices and how these forces can potentially affect the performance of increasingly popular DNA aptamers and even future DNA nanostructures as sensor substrates. Next, we discuss the novel use of GFETs to detect DNA and the underlying electronic phenomena that are typically used as benchmarks for characterizing the analyte response of these devices. Finally, we address the use of DNA aptamers to increase the selectivity of GFET sensors for small molecules and proteins and compare them with other, state of the art, detection methods.     

Analytical potential of a laser ablation–glow discharge–optical emission spectrometry system for the analysis of conducting and insulating materials

The analytical capabilities of a glow discharge (GD) as a secondary source for excitation/ionization of the material provided by laser ablation (LA) have been compared to conventional laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In LA–GD both sources can be independently adjusted to optimize the sampling process and then its subsequent excitation. This could involve a number of analytical performance advantages, such as reduced matrix dependence, greater precision and sensitivity than those encountered in LIBS. For such purpose, an ablation chamber design including two electrodes to generate the GD discharge has been built and assayed. A comparison between LIBS and LA–GD–OES has been carried out, both, under reduced argon and helium atmospheres. Different sets of samples (conducting reference materials, glass and fluorine pellets) have been used to evaluate the novel coupled technique. The LA–GD coupled system has shown to provide lower detection limits. In addition, best linear correlations between intensities and concentrations and lower matrix effects have also been found using the coupled system. Moreover, special advantages of the LA–GD–OES have also been demonstrated for the analysis of fluorine.     

高效液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法定量分析人生长激素

建立了人生长激素( hGH)纯化分析和高效液相色谱( HPLC)与同位素稀释质谱( IDMS)联用高准确度绝对定量方法。采用快速蛋白液相色谱来分离纯化hGH,以傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪( FTICR-MS)准确地测定蛋白质的分子质量。纯化的hGH经酸水解后,采用KINETEX C18色谱柱为分析柱,以水(含0.1%三氟乙酸)和乙腈为流动相,等梯度分离,流速0.2 mL/min,温度40℃,采用电喷雾正离子模式进行电离,选择多反应监测模式进行检测,内标法定量分析。结果表明,FTICR-MS所测得的分子量实测值与理论值仅相差0.31 Da,脯氨酸、缬氨酸和苯丙氨酸在液相条件下5 min内达到基线分离,在最优条件下,hGH含量测定结果为186.80 mg/g,相对标准偏差为0.52%。利用本方法参加国际比对,比对结果与参考值等效一致。本方法具有简易、实用的特点,并且准确可靠,可作为hGH纯品标准物质的定值方法,为hGH的日常检测提供参考。     

3D Study of the Morphology and Dynamics of Zeolite Nucleation

The principle aspects and constraints of the dynamics and kinetics of zeolite nucleation in hydrogel systems are analyzed on the basis of a model Na‐rich aluminosilicate system. A detailed time‐series EMT‐type zeolite crystallization study in the model hydrogel system was performed to elucidate the topological and temporal aspects of zeolite nucleation. A comprehensive set of analytical tools and methods was employed to analyze the gel evolution and complement the primary methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. TEM tomography reveals that the initial gel particles exhibit a core–shell structure. Zeolite nucleation is topologically limited to this shell structure and the kinetics of nucleation is controlled by the shell integrity. The induction period extends to the moment when the shell is consumed and the bulk solution can react with the core of the gel particles. These new findings, in particular the importance of the gel particle shell in zeolite nucleation, can be used to control the growth process and properties of zeolites formed in hydrogels.     

Reversal Circularly Polarized Luminescence of AIE‐Active Chiral Binaphthyl Molecules from Solution to Aggregation

Four aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active chiral binaphthyl‐based molecules, (R/S)‐ 1 and (R/S)‐ 2 , were designed and synthesized. Interestingly, all of them can exhibit reversal circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals from solution to aggregation, which could be attributed to the different dihedral angle of binaphthyl units from cis‐conformation in pure THF solution to trans‐conformation in THF/water mixtures.     

破乳诱导萃取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定柴油中的锰、铁和铅

采用破乳诱导萃取的前处理方法,结合电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(ICP-MS),测定了柴油中的锰、铁和铅元素。首先将样品和表面活性剂溶液(Triton X-114)混合形成稳定的油包水乳液,以硝酸作萃取剂充分萃取柴油中的锰、铁和铅,然后将乳液离心破乳分层,采用ICP-MS内标法测定酸性水相中的锰、铁和铅。3种元素的检出限(3S/N)在0.008~0.083μg·L-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在0.027~0.28μg·L-1之间。应用该方法对柴油中金属元素进行测定,加标回收率在94.9%~106%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.66%~2.2%之间。     

Preparation of ZSM‐5 Coated on Monolithic Interconnected Macroporous Al2O3 Using Cheap n‐Butylamine as Template

Using cheap n‐butylamine as template, ZSM‐5 zeolites have been successfully synthesized and coated on monolithic interconnected macroporous Al₂O₃ by the secondary growth method. The use of cheap n‐butylamine could significantly reduce the synthesis cost. Hierarchical monolithic ZSM‐5 zeolites were prepared from synthetic mixtures with different H₂O/Na₂O or SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio. The synthesized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and N₂ adsorption‐desorption. The results show that the hierarchical monolithic zeolites were obtained with cheap n‐butylamine template as template. During the hydrothermal reaction process, the morphology of the micrometer‐sized support was well maintained. The irregular crystals were formed in a wide range of the H₂O/Na₂O or SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of synthetic mixtures and coated on monolithic Al₂O₃. The relative crystallinity of the zeolites was highest at H₂O/Na₂O=250 or SiO₂/Al₂O₃=160. This type of composites exhibited hierarchical porous structures and relatively high specific surface areas.     

Aggregation‐Induced Emission of Hexaphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene

A new type of AIE molecules based on hexaphenyl‐1,3‐butadienes was reported with respect to the synthesis and characterization. This material exhibited different maximum emission wavelength and enhanced emission intensity at different aggregate state (amorphous and crystalline state).