Growth of monodisperse nanospheres of MnFe_2O_4 with enhanced magnetic and optical properties

Highly dispersive nanospheres of MnFe204 are prepared by template free hydrothermal method. The nanospheres have 47.3-nm average diameter, narrow size distribution, and good crystallinity with average crystallite size about 22 nm. The reaction temperature strongly affects the morphology, and high temperature is found to be responsible for growth of uniform nanospheres. Raman spectroscopy reveals high purity of prepared nanospheres. High saturation magnetization （78.3 emu/g）, low coercivity （45 Oe, 10e = 79.5775 A.cm-1）, low remanence （5.32 emu/g）, and high anisotropy constant 2.84 × 10^4 J/m3 （10 times larger than bulk） are observed at room temperatures. The nearly snperparamagnetic behavior is ~ spin due to comparable size of nanospheres with superparamagnetic critical thameter Dcr spm The high value of Keff may be due to coupling between the pinned moment in the amorphous shell and the magnetic moment in the core of the nanospheres. The nanospheres show prominent optical absorption in the visible region, and the indirect band gap is estimated to be 0.98 eV from the transmission spectrum. The prepared Mn ferrite has potential applications in biomedicine and photocatalysis.     

稀土掺杂磷酸钇荧光粉的控制合成和发光性能

利用水热法分别合成了Ce~(3+)、Tb~(3+)共掺杂的YPO_4下转换荧光粉和Er~(3+)、Yb~(3+)、Tm~(3+)共掺杂的YPO_4上转换荧光粉,经过工艺优化获得了1μm左右尺寸均匀的发光材料。通过系列实验研究了反应温度、反应时间、稀土离子掺杂比例和退火温度对样品发光性能的影响。YPO_4∶Ce~(3+),Tb~(3+)荧光粉在295 nm紫外光的激发下产生下转换发光效应,当Tb~(3+)摩尔分数为1%时得到明亮的绿光;YPO_4∶Er~(3+),Tm~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉在980nm近红外光激发下产生上转换发光效应,当稀土离子中Er~(3+)摩尔分数为3%时,所制备的样品经过1 000℃退火处理后发出很强的暖白光。     

Bi~(3+)或Sm~(3+)掺杂对NaGd(WO_4)_2∶Eu~(3+)荧光粉结构和发光性质的影响

采用水热法制备了白光LED用NaGd_(0.95-x)(WO_4)_2∶0.05Eu~(3+),x Bi~(3+)(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08)和NaGd_(0.95-y)(WO_4)_2∶0.05Eu~(3+),y Sm~(3+)(y=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)系列红色荧光粉,通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及荧光分光光度计等表征手段分析了样品的物相结构、颗粒形貌以及发光性质。结果表明:少量离子掺杂对NaGd(WO_4)_2的晶体结构影响较小,样品均为四方晶系、白钨矿结构的纯相;颗粒形貌呈四方盘状,且粒度均匀,分散性良好,Bi~(3+)或Sm~(3+)的引入使颗粒尺寸由原来的4μm分别增加至5μm和6μm。该系列荧光粉均可被近紫外光(394 nm)有效激发,其最强发射峰位于614 nm处,归属于Eu~(3+)的5D0→7F2电偶极跃迁。掺杂适量的Bi~(3+)或Sm~(3+)可有效提高NaGd_(0.95)(WO_4)_2∶0.05Eu~(3+)荧光粉的发光强度和红光的色纯度,其中Sm~(3+)的引入对其影响更为明显。     

A large hydrothermal reservoir beneath Taal Volcano (Philippines) revealed by magnetotelluric observations and its implications to the volcanic activity

Taal Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines. The magnetotelluric 3D forward analyses indicate the existence of a large high resistivity anomaly (∼100 Ω·m) with a volume of at least 3 km × 3 km × 3 km, which is capped by a conductive layer (∼10 Ω·m), beneath the Main Crater. This high resistivity anomaly is hypothesized to be a large hydrothermal reservoir, consisting of the aggregate of interconnected cracks in rigid and dense host rocks, which are filled with hydrothermal fluids coming from a magma batch below the reservoir. The hydrothermal fluids are considered partly in gas phase and liquid phase. The presence of such a large hydrothermal reservoir and the stagnant magma below may have influences on the volcano’s activity. Two possibilities are presented. First, the 30 January 1911 explosion event was a magmatic hydrothermal eruption rather than a base-surge associated with a phreato-magmatic eruption. Second, the earlier proposed four eruption series may be better interpreted by two cycles, each consisting of series of summit and flank eruptions.     

NaYF4∶Er3+的水热合成及其紫外上转换发光性能

采用水热法制备了Er³⁺掺杂的NaYF₄上转换发光材料,X射线衍射结果表明,当反应温度为180 ℃和200 ℃时,晶体属于六方晶型和四角晶型混合相态;当反应温度为220 ℃时,该晶体属于纯六方晶型结构。SEM和TEM观察发现,晶粒为六角形,样品颗粒分散性好,平均粒径约为100 nm。荧光光谱测试结果表明,当激发波长为500 nm时,样品发射出紫外光。从Er³⁺能级图谱可以得出,Er³⁺基态电子⁴I_15/2首先跃迁到²H_11/2与⁴S_3/2能级上,随即经过能量转移上转换过程(ETU)分别发射出310 nm和340 nm的紫外光。结合Er³⁺发光机理可以推出上转换峰310 nm和340 nm均属于双光子过程。 研究结果表明,以NaYF₄为基质掺杂Er³⁺产生的紫外上转换光在生物成像、光催化发应及生物标记等方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

掺银氧化锌纳米棒的水热法制备研究

利用水热法在直流磁控溅射制备的掺铝氧化锌 (AZO) 种子层上制备了不同形貌和光学性能的掺银ZnO纳米棒, 并采用XRD、扫描电镜、透射谱、光发射谱和EDS谱详细研究了Ag离子与Zn离子的摩尔百分比 (R_Ag/Zn) 及AZO种子层对掺银ZnO纳米棒的结构和光学性质的影响. 随着R_Ag/Zn的增加, 掺银ZnO 纳米棒的微结构和光学性质的变化与银掺杂诱导的纳米棒的端面尺寸变化有关. 平均端面尺寸的变化归结于种子层颗粒大小和颗粒数密度不同导致掺入的Ag离子的相对比例不同. 溅射15 min的AZO种子层上生长的ZnO纳米棒由于缺陷增多导致在可见光区的发光峰明显强于溅射10 min 的AZO种子层上、相同R_Ag/Zn 条件下生长的ZnO纳米棒. Ag掺杂产生的点缺陷增多导致可见光区PL波包较宽. 纯ZnO纳米棒的微结构与种子层厚度导致的结晶度和颗粒大小有关. 关键词： ZnO纳米棒 水热法 Ag掺杂 直流磁控溅射     

沸石基纳米材料的水热分散法制备及其发光

用水热分散法,通过进行分步化学反应,在沸石分子筛的孔道中简便有效地制备了沸石基纳米发光材料．样品的发光表现出纳米粒子的量子尺寸效应     

微米级NaYF_4∶Eu~(3+)的水热合成及其荧光性能研究

分别以EDTA-2Na和柠檬酸钠为辅助剂,采用温和的水热法合成了六方相Na YF4∶Eu3+荧光材料。利用XRD、SEM、荧光分光光度计和FT-IR对样品的结构、形貌和荧光进行了表征。在反应温度为140℃、反应时间为24 h的水热条件下,得到的样品均为纯六方相的Na YF4。以EDTA-2Na为络合剂合成的Na YF4∶Eu3+为20μm的微米级球形体,而以柠檬酸三钠为辅助剂合成的Na YF4∶Eu3+为长度约为1.8μm的六棱柱微晶棒。样品的尺寸分布均匀、分散性好。辅助剂在微晶体的形貌控制过程中起了很大作用。在395 nm光的激发下,Na YF4∶Eu3+发射出蓝白色光,微米级球形体的荧光强度明显强于微晶棒。     

Hydrothermal synthesis and dielectric properties of chrysanthemum-like ZnO particles

By orthogonal design theory, technological parameters of chrysanthemum-like ZnO particles prepared in a hydrothermal process are optimized. This paper reports a set of technological parameters for growing chrysanthemum-like ZnO particles on a large scale. It investigates the morphologies and crystalline structures of the as-synthesized three-dimensional ZnO particles with a scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope, and the possible growth mechanism on the three-dimensional ZnO particles. The experimental results indicate that the values of ε', ε ' and \tan δ_e gradually increase in the X band with the improvement of the developmental level of chrysanthemum-like ZnO particles, implying that the electromagnetic wave absorbing property depends on the morphologies of three-dimensional ZnO particles.     

不同矿化剂对水热法合成ZnO晶体形态的影响

研究了在350℃,填充度为35%时,分别以不同浓度的NaOH和KOH为矿化剂,合成具有不同晶体形态的氧化锌晶体。当以KOH为矿化剂,浓度小于2 mol.L-1时,只能合成出微米级晶体,随着矿化剂浓度增加,开始出现大的晶体,最大晶体的长度为50~100μm;如以NaOH作矿化剂,当矿化剂浓度为2 mol.L-1时,即可以合成出个体较大的晶体长度,最大晶体的长度达到100μm。提高矿化剂浓度,有利于合成个体更大的晶体,其长度远远大于以KOH作矿化剂时的晶体长度,最长为200~300μm,证实在350℃,以NaOH作矿化剂比KOH更易获得个体较大的晶体。