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41.
The volume and compressibility changes on mixing aqueous solutions of the amino acid and poly(ethylene glycol) were measured with a vibration densimeter and a sing-around velocimeter at 298.15 K. For the system of alanine-PEG-H2O, the additivity rule for the mean apparent molal volume and compressibility at infinite dilution held, and the excess volume and compressibility changes on mixing were obtained. For the system of glycine-PEG-H2O, the additivity rule for the mean apparent molal compressibility at infinite dilution did not hold. While the mean apparent molal volume and compressibility changes were negative and positive for the systems of another amino acid-PEG-H2O, respectively, where amino acids were valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. These results suggest that glycine and alanine are excluded from the hydration layer around PEG chain and the amino acids with a larger side chain than alanine are bound to the PEG chain due to the hydrophobic interaction. The hydration number per monomer around PEG chain was estimated to be 3.9. 相似文献
42.
D. Fennell Evans Martin Allen B. W. Ninham Abdel Fouda 《Journal of solution chemistry》1984,13(2):87-101
Critical micelle concentrations were determined by conductance measurements for decyl-, dodecyl-, tetradecyl- and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide in water at 25, 60, 95, 130, and 160°C. The results are discussed in terms of the equilibrium model and the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann model for micelle formation. The free energies of transferring a methylene group from water to the oil-like interior of the micelle are found to be –781 at 25°C, –796 at 60°C, –819 at 95°C, –815 at 130°C, and –787 at 160°C cal-mol–1. 相似文献
43.
T. Hondoh H. Anzai A. Goto S. Mae A. Higashi C. C. Langway Jr. 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1990,8(1-2):17-24
We have carried out X-ray diffraction studies on single crystals of natural air-hydrate in deep ice cores recovered at Dye-3 Greenland. Integrated intensities for 470 diffracting planes were measured by an automated four-circle diffractometer. The space group determined is cubicFd3m and the lattice constant is 17.21(3) Å. These results indicate that the crystallographic structure is the Stackelberg's structure II, in contrast to the previously anticipated structure. This finding agrees with the recent results on the synthetic air-hydrate by Davidsonet al. It was also found by difference Fourier synthesis for guest molecules that electron density in a 16-hedral cage has multiple maxima displaced from the center of the cage while that in the 12-hedron was approximately spherical.Dedicated to Dr D. W. Davidson in honor of his great contributions to the sciences of inclusion phenomena. 相似文献
44.
以“探究水的组成”教学为例,通过课标、教材及学习者分析,从认识角度、探究水平、认识水平等3个维度整体规划“身边的化学物质”主题单元目标学习进阶,明确“探究水的组成”课时目标,通过温故建模、据模探究、探究推理等3个阶段的教学实施,建立具体物质的研究思路模型,运用模型研究陌生物质(氢气),初步形成定量研究物质组成的能力。 相似文献
45.
Y. -K. Leong 《Colloid and polymer science》1997,275(9):869-875
The effect of pH on the flow behavior of ZrO2 suspensions containing polyacrylic and octanoic acids was evaluated. In the flocculated pH regime, the flow behavior is highly
shearthinning and can be described by a power-law model. The shear-thinning behavior increases with increasing degree of flocculation.
Maximum shearthinning was observed at the zero zeta potential condition. Hydrophobic interaction arising from adsorbed octanoic
acid was found to enhance the shear-thinning behavior. No such enhancement was observed for adsorbed polyacrylic acid. It
was also illustrated that the viscosity–pH behavior is a mirror image of the yield stress–pH behavior. A quantitative particle-pair
interactions model incorporating steric and hydrophobic interactions was proposed to explain the effects of polyacrylic and
octanoic acids on the maximum yield stress.
Received: 23 May 1997 Accepted: 4 June 1997 相似文献
46.
Thereza Christina Vessoni Penna Marina Ishii Adalberto Pessoa Junior Laura de Oliveira Nascimento Luciana Cambricoli de Souza Olivia Cholewa 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2004,114(1-3):453-468
To determine the influence of various culture conditions, transformed cells of Escherichia coli expressing recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) were grown in nine cultures with four variable conditions (storage
of inoculated broth at 4°C prior to incubation, agitation speed, isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside [IPTG] concentration, and induction time). The pelleted cells were resuspended in extraction buffer
and subjected to the three-phase partitioning (TPP) extraction method. To determine the most appropriate purification resin,
protein extracts were eluted through one of four types of HiTrap hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) columns prepacked
with methyl, butyl, octyl, or phenyl resins and analyzed further on a 12% sodium dodecylsulfatepolyacrylamidegel. With Coomassie
staining, a single band between 27 (standard GFPuv) and 29 kDa (molecular weight standard) was visualized for every HIC column
sample. TPP extraction with HIC elution provided about 90% of the GFPuv recovered and eight-fold GFPuv enrichment related
to the specific mass. Rotary speed and IPTG concentration showed, respectively, greater negative and positive influences on
GFPuv expression at the beginning of the logarithmic phase for the set culture conditions (37°C, 24-h incubation). 相似文献
47.
THE COMPARISON OF LANZHOU LOESS PROFILE WITH VOSTOK ICE CORE IN ANTARCTICA OVER THE LAST GLACIATION CYCLE 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Loess near Lanzhou in the late Pleistocene is very sensitive to climatic fluctuations. The Beiyuan terrace profile in Linxia City, of which the curve of susceptibility tallies with the trend of isotopic curves of Vostok 2083 m ice core in Antarctica, is 35m thick. There are five layers of paleosols under Malan loess(L_1). Upper three layers (S_(1-a),S(1-b)and S_(1-c) correspond to three warm stages in last interglaciation, Interstadial of Last Glacial (C stage in Antarctic ice core)was clearly recorded in the Beiyuan profile, in which three layers of paleosols and two of loess were formed. The lowest section of the profile belongs to penultimate glaciation, in which fossils of cold-drought-resistant mammal and mollusc have been discovered. 相似文献
48.
Alain H. Roux Daniel Hétu Gérald Perron Jacques E. Desnoyers 《Journal of solution chemistry》1984,13(1):1-25
Mixed micelles can be formed in water between various pairs of hydrophobic solutes such as surfactants, alcohols and hydrocarbons. These systems can often be studied through the thermodynamic functions of transfer of one of the solutes, usually kept near infinite dilution, from water to an aqueous solution of the other solute. When mixed micelles are formed, these functions change significantly, and often go through extrema, in the region where the binary system micellizes or undergoes some microphase transition.Three main effects are responsible for the observed trends: pair-wise interactions between both solutes in the monomeric form, a distribution of the reference solute between the aqueous and micellar phases and a shift in the monomer-micelle equilibrium in the vicinity of the reference solute. Simple equations can be derived for these three effects which can account for the sign and magnitude of the observed trends using parameters which are derived for the most part from the two binary systems. 相似文献
49.
Lü Renqing ZHANG Hongyu QIU Guangmin LIU Chenguang College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum 《Chinese Journal of Reactive Polymers》2005,(Z1)
1. INTRODUCTION Chitin, the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide and estimated to be produced annually almost as much as cellulose, is well known to consist of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D- glucose through α, β(1→4) linkage. Chitin is the major source of surface pollution in coastalareas. Chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin and their structures are shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 Structures of Chitin and Chitosan Because of the excellent properties such as biocompatibility… 相似文献
50.
Guido Barone Giuseppina Castronuovo Vittorio Crescenzi Vittorio Elia Eugenio Rizzo 《Journal of solution chemistry》1978,7(3):179-192
In order to clarify some aspects of the hydrophobic interactions, the enthalpies of dilution of monoethylurea, 1,3-dimethylurea,
and 1,3-diethylurea have been determined calorimetrically at 25°C. The calorimetric data, expressed in terms of excess enthalpy,
permit the evaluation of the pair and triplet interaction coefficients. The analyses of these and of the analogous coefficientsg
xx andg
xxx, derived from osmotic data, indicate a driving force favorable to the interactions among the hydrated solute molecules. Nevertheless,
the positive values of theh
xx andh
xxx coefficients seem to suggest that the source of the effect is a rearrangement of the water molecules rather than a direct
association of the solute molecules. There are evidences of a strict correlation between the enthalpic and the entropic effects.
Preliminary data were presented at the International Conferences on Chemical Thermodynamics at Baden (1973) and Montpellier
(1975). The experimental part was carried out at the Istituto Chimico of the University of Trieste.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献