Kinetic method for the study of xylan hydrolysis by xylan hydrolases

Summary The Somogyi-Nelson colorimetric method was used in a new manner more suitable for evaluating the kinetics of the enzyme hydrolysis of xylan catalyzed by xylan hydrolases. The values of the Michaelis parameters (Km=5.56 g l^–1 andV=2.94 · 10^–5 M s^–1) were determined.

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Eine kinetische Methode zur Untersuchung der Hydrolyse von Xylan durch Xylan-Hydrolase

Zusammenfassung Die kolorimetrische Methode nach Somogyi-Nelson wurde nach einem neuen Verfahren zur Verfolgung der Kinetik der hydrolytischen Spaltung von Xylan, katalysiert durch Xylan-Hydrolasen vonAspergillus oryzae, angewandt. Es wurden die Michaelis-Parameter (Km=5.56 g l^–1 undV=2.94 · 10^–5 M s^–1) bestimmt.

     

香菇135和9015品种遗传多样性的RAPD分子标记研究

通过抗逆性较差的香菇135品种和自然变异抗性新菌株庆元9015品种的RAPD研究,寻找两者间有差异的基因,并对其进行克隆和测序.GenBank查询结果表明,这些片段可能的部分开放阅读框（ORF）与多种生物的水解酶或者信息素受体的部分氨基酸序列有较高的同源性. 这些片段可以作为两者间的特异分子标记.     

Structural Basis of Outstanding Multivalent Effects in Jack Bean α‐Mannosidase Inhibition

Multivalent design of glycosidase inhibitors is a promising strategy for the treatment of diseases involving enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates. An essential prerequisite for successful applications is the atomic‐level understanding of how outstanding binding enhancement occurs with multivalent inhibitors. Herein we report the first high‐resolution crystal structures of the Jack bean α‐mannosidase (JBα‐man) in apo and inhibited states. The three‐dimensional structure of JBα‐man in complex with the multimeric cyclopeptoid‐based inhibitor displaying the largest binding enhancements reported so far provides decisive insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying multivalent effects in glycosidase inhibition.     

The Spectrofluorometric Monitoring of Water Purification by Natural Alternatives

Aim: Determination of efficiency of zeolite and hydrolytic enzymes isolated from earthworms in water purification.

Methods: The autofluorescence of water was investigated by fluorescence excitation–emission matrix. The purification of water was carried out with natural zeolite and hydrolytic enzymes isolated from earthworms. These methods were applied to samples that contain ciliates that were detected with atomic force spectroscopy.

Results: The zeolite removed ammonia and partly eliminated some organic compounds. The hydrolytic enzymes were efficient in biodegrading organic compounds present in water.

Conclusion: Zeolite and enzymes are applicable in water purification.     

Structure and Mechanism of the Sphingopyxin I Lasso Peptide Isopeptidase

Lasso peptides are natural products that assume a unique lariat knot topology. Lasso peptide isopeptidases (IsoPs) eliminate this topology through isopeptide bond cleavage. To probe how these enzymes distinguish between substrates and hydrolyze only isopeptide bonds, we examined the structure and mechanism of a previously uncharacterized IsoP from the proteobacterium Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256 (SpI‐IsoP). We demonstrate that SpI‐IsoP efficiently and specifically linearizes the lasso peptide sphingopyxin I (SpI) and variants thereof. We also present crystal structures of SpI and SpI‐IsoP, revealing a threaded topology for the former and a prolyl oligopeptidase (POP)‐like fold for the latter. Subsequent structure‐guided mutational analysis allowed us to propose roles for active‐site residues. Our study sheds light on lasso peptide catabolism and expands the engineering potential of these fascinating molecules.