Studies on the hydrogenolysis of benzyl ethers

Selective hydrogenolysis of benzyl ethers can be achieved by the appropriate choice of the catalyst, solvent, and concentration, which facilitates the design of O-benzyl based protecting group strategies for the synthesis of natural products.     

Chemo‐ and Regioselective Hydrogenolysis of Diaryl Ether C−O Bonds by a Robust Heterogeneous Ni/C Catalyst: Applications to the Cleavage of Complex Lignin‐Related Fragments

We report the chemo‐ and regioselective hydrogenolysis of the C?O bonds in di‐ortho‐substituted diaryl ethers under the catalysis of a supported nickel catalyst. The catalyst comprises heterogeneous nickel particles supported on activated carbon and furnishes arenes and phenols in high yields without hydrogenation. The high thermal stability of the embedded metal particles allows C?O bond cleavage to occur in highly substituted diaryl ether units akin to those in lignin. Preliminary mechanistic experiments show that this catalyst undergoes sintering less readily than previously reported catalyst particles that form from a solution of [Ni(cod)₂].     

焙烧温度对Ni/La(Ⅲ)催化剂氢解山梨醇制备低碳二元醇性能的影响

采用水热法合成了纳米棒状La(OH)₃载体,通过湿式浸渍方法制备了10%Ni/La(Ⅲ)负载型催化剂,考察了500~800℃不同焙烧温度对于催化剂氢解山梨醇制备低碳二元醇的影响,结合XRD、SEM/EDS、BET、H₂-TPR-MS、CO/CO₂-TPD-MS、TG和ICP-AES等表征手段对Ni/La(Ⅲ)催化剂的构效关系进行了分析。结果表明,Ni/La(Ⅲ)催化剂表现出高的氢解反应活性,在较低的焙烧温度下(500℃)催化剂主要以NiO/La₂O₂CO₃结构形式存在。随着焙烧温度的升高,NiO/La₂O₂CO₃逐渐向La₂NiO₄-La₂O₃进行转变。碱性是影响不同催化剂活性的决定因素,高的焙烧温度促进了催化剂中强碱性位的生成,显著提高了氢解反应活性,但对液体产物的选择性无明显影响,在220℃、4MPa H₂、1.5h的条件下,山梨醇完全转化,低碳二元醇的产率可达到53%。低的焙烧温度则增加了催化剂的水热稳定性。催化剂的失活主要归结于活性金属粒子在水相反应中从载体表面脱落而发生团聚,降低氢解反应活性。     

制备方法对Cu-SiO_2催化剂结构及其生物基木糖醇选择氢解性能的影响

生物质基高碳多元糖醇选择氢解制备高附加值的C2、C3小分子多元醇具有重要的科学意义和应用前景.采用常规浸渍法(IM)、沉淀凝胶法(PG)、尿素水解沉积沉淀法(UHDP)、蒸氨沉积沉淀法(AEDP)和异相沉积沉淀法(HTDP)等5种不同方法制备了纳米Cu-Si O2催化剂,通过XRD、XPS、H2-TPR、BET和N2O化学吸附等不同方法对催化剂结构进行了表征,以Ca(OH)2为助剂考察了催化剂在生物基木糖醇选择氢解制备乙二醇和1,2-丙二醇反应中的催化性能.结果显示:制备方法不同Cu-Si O2催化剂的表面和体相组成不同,IM催化剂焙烧样品表面主要以Cu O存在,AEDP和HTDP焙烧样品的表面主要是页硅酸铜,而PG和UHDP焙烧样品的表面Cu O和页硅酸铜共存;IM和UHDP焙烧样品的体相以团聚的大颗粒Cu O为主,PG和HTDP样品以高分散Cu O为主,AEDP样品体相以高分散无定形页硅酸铜存在.受样品中物相组成的影响,不同方法所制备催化剂的分散度按AEDPPGHTDPUHDPIM顺序递减,经H2还原活化后,催化剂中Cu0颗粒尺寸按相反顺序递增.催化剂的木糖醇氢解反应活性和二元醇目标产物选择性受制备方法影响十分明显,均按AEDP、PG、HTDP、UHDP和IM的顺序先增高后降低,以UHDP法制备的Cu颗粒尺寸在12 nm左右的催化剂表现最佳,主要原因是该反应为结构敏感型反应,活性和选择性依赖于Cu颗粒尺寸.     

Ni掺杂的Cu-ZnO催化剂甘油加氢反应性能

采用浸渍法制备了Ni掺杂的Cu-Zn O催化剂,采用多种物理化学手段研究了其化学物理性质及甘油加氢制取1,2-丙二醇反应催化性能。结果发现,金属Ni助剂的引入可以进一步优化Ni-Cu-Zn O催化剂的甘油加氢生成1,2-丙二醇的反应活性。少量金属Ni的加入,Ni-Cu-Zn O催化剂的甘油转化率变化不大,生成1,2-丙二醇的选择性明显增加。而进一步增加Ni含量到nNi/nCu=0.5,Ni含量过高会导致Ni-Cu-Zn O催化剂中实际Cu原子的量减少,从而导致甘油转化率下降。Ni掺杂的Cu-Zn O催化剂甘油加氢性能稳定性较好,在反应102 h后没有明显变化。     

Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Propindilactone G,Part 2: Enantioselective Construction of the Fully Functionalized BCDE Ring System

The enantioselective synthesis of the fully functionalized BCDE tetracyclic ring system of propindilactone G ( A ) is reported. Several synthetic methods were developed and applied to achieve this goal, including: 1) an asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction in the presence of Hayashi′s catalyst for the synthesis of optically pure key intermediate 3 ; 2) an intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction (PKR) for the stereoselective synthesis of the BCDE ring with an all‐carbon chiral quaternary center at the C13 position by using the TMS‐substituted acetylene as the substrate; and 3) Pd‐catalyzed reductive hydrogenolysis for the stereoselective synthesis of the fully functionalized BCDE tetracyclic ring system. The chemistry developed herein provided a greater understanding of the total synthesis propindilactone G ( A ) and its analogues.     

Synthesis of 2,5,5-trimethylcycloheptanone

The synthesis of 2,5,5-trimethylcycloheptanone from 3-carene was described. It was demonstrated that hydrogenolysis of cis-caran-trans-4-ol on nickel-and copper-containing catalysts occurred with cleavage of the internal C¹–C⁶ bond of the cyclopropane ring and predomonant (up to 95%) formation of 2,5,5-trimethylcycloheptanone. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 53–55, January–February, 2007.     

Rh—CeO2／SiO2催化剂中金属—氧化物相互作用的研究

用Ｈ２化学吸附和丙烷氢解作为模型反应研究了Ｒｈ－ＣｅＯ２／ＳｉＯ２催化剂中Ｒｈ与ＣｅＯ２的相互作用。结果表明,催化剂还原后,ＣｅＯ２覆盖了Ｒｈ表面。以往用Ｈ２或ＣＯ化学吸附研究金属－氧化物相互作用的结果只是定性的,而以丙烷氢解作为模型反应可以定量地得出氧化物对金属粒子的覆盖成度