苯乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物修饰碳纳米管的研究

利用羟基碳纳米管上的羟基与马来酸酐之间的简单反应, 在碳纳米管上引入双键, 进一步引发苯乙烯聚合, 在碳纳米管表面接枝苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物, 同时采用羟基碳纳米管与苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物直接反应也在碳纳米管的表面引入了苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物. 经IR, Raman, TG和TEM测定, 证明了碳纳米管与苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物之间为化学键连接关系.     

碳纳米管基复合材料研究进展

碳纳米管基复合材料具有优良的性能,已在化学、化工、材料、生物、医学等领域受到广泛关注.本文主要综述了功能材料包覆碳纳米管的制备方法及其力学、磁学、光学、电化学等性质,以及当前研究的焦点和存在的问题.     

基于碳纳米管和铁氰酸镍纳米颗粒协同作用的葡萄糖生物传感器

将制备的铁氰酸镍纳米颗粒(NiNP)与多壁碳纳米管(CNT)混合, 分散于壳聚糖溶液中, 形成一种新的纳米复合成分(NiNP-CNT-CHIT), 将其修饰在玻碳电极表面. 新复合膜体现了NiNP和CNT之间的协同作用, 由于CNT的良好的传递电子性能, 促使NiNP催化氧化还原能力有了较大的提高. 此NiNP-CNT-CHIT复合膜修饰的玻碳电极在较低电位下对过氧化氢具有良好的电催化性能, 与NiNP-CHIT膜比较, 测定H₂O₂的灵敏度增大了50倍. 通过戊二醛在电极表面固定葡萄糖氧化酶制备了一种新的葡萄糖传感器. 该传感器在－0.2 V下对葡萄糖的线性范围为0.05～10 mmol/L, 检测下限为10 μmol/L.     

A Novel High Active TiO2/AC Composite Photocatalyst Prepared by Acid Catalyzed Hydrothermal Method

A high active novel TiO2/AC composite photocatalyst was prepared and used for phenol degradation. It was much more active than P-25 and exhibiting good decantability, less deactivation after several runs and less sensitive to pH change. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) revealed that the electronic change in TiO2 did not occur by the addition of AC. Results of SEM and XRD suggested that better TiO2 distribution can be achieved when optimal AC content was adopted. The performance of the prepared TiO2/5AC catalyst revealed great practical potential in wastewater treatment field.     

介孔混合氧化物催化剂La-Co-Zr-O的制备与表征

 采用柠檬酸络合-有机模板剂分解法制备了(La+Co)/(La+Co+Zr)原子比为0.5的La-Co-Zr-O催化剂,并与传统的共沉淀法制备的La-Co-Zr-O催化剂进行比较. N2物理吸附结果表明,采用模板剂法制备的催化剂样品具有较大的比表面积(96.6～117.6 m2/g)和十分均匀的孔径(3.5～4.3 nm); X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和X射线吸收精细结构表征结果一致表明,催化剂中活性组分主要为高分散的Co3O4微晶(粒径为23～33 nm), 模板剂法制备的催化剂中所有组分的分散性均优于共沉淀法制备的催化剂. 程序升温还原实验结果表明,采用聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为混合模板剂制备的催化剂中Co3O4更容易被还原. Co-O 键的活动度与催化剂催化氧化反应的活性密切相关.     

活化条件对活性碳纳米管比表面积的影响

以KOH为活化剂, 研究了多壁碳纳米管在制备活性碳纳米管过程中四个重要影响因素: 活化剂用量、活化温度、活化时间和活化过程中保护气体的流速对所得活性碳纳米管BET比表面积的影响并解释了原因. 研究表明上述四个因素都会对活性碳纳米管的比表面积产生较大的影响, 其中活化剂用量的影响最大, 在研究范围内可引起比表面积增大约241 m²•g^-1. 在这四个影响因素中除活性碳纳米管的比表面积随活化温度的增加而不断增加外, 其他三个影响因素的变化都会使活性碳纳米管的比表面积出现最大值, 而且四个影响因素的改变, 都不改变活性碳纳米管的孔洞主要是中孔和大孔的特点.     

用于紫外光谱水质分析的Boosting-偏最小二乘法

为提高水质参数总有机碳(TOC)的紫外吸收光谱分析的预测精度,提出一种基于Boosting理论的迭代式回归建模算法,并根据统计学习理论提出一种新的迭代停止判据,可有效防止过拟合,显著提高模型预测精度。为评估所提算法的性能,分别采用本算法和3种常用的光谱分析方法,即偏最小二乘、主成分回归和人工神经网络,对自行研制的紫外光谱水质分析仪实测的一组数据进行了建模和预测。计算结果表明:相对于其他3种方法,本算法具有生成的模型预测精度高的显著优势。     

活性碳纤维阴极电芬顿反应降解微囊藻毒素研究

以具有高比表面积的活性碳纤维作为阴极,通过电芬顿反应降解水中微囊藻毒素(MCRR,MCLR)的电化学方法系统考察了电流密度、pH值和Fe2+浓度等因素对微囊藻毒素降解效果的影响.实验结果表明,在Fe2+浓度为1.0mmol/L和电流密度为6.6mA/cm2条件下,电化学处理60min,MCRR(8.81mg/L)去除率为75%,MCLR(6.36mg/L)去除率为94%.证明过氧化氢可以通过电化学还原在活性碳纤维阴极表面高效产生,微囊藻毒素可被高效降解去除.     

Physical Adsorption of H2S Related to the Conservation of Works of Art: The Role of the Pore Structure at Low Relative Pressure

The adsorption isotherms of H₂S in selected adsorbents were determined at 298 K, at relative pressures up to about 0.005, aiming the use of these materials in the removal of that pollutant from the museums atmosphere. The Dubinin-Astakhov equation adjusts very well the experimental results, although one cannot interpret the pre-exponential factor w₀ as the limiting adsorbed amount. The parameter E, related with the adsorption energy, and the parameter n, that can be associated with the surface heterogeneity of the adsorbents, are correlated and the first is also correlated with the adsorbed amounts. It was not found any expectable relationship between the adsorbed amounts and textural parameters of the adsorbents such as the specific surface area or the microporous volume. This points out that the adsorption of H₂S is highly specific. In general, 13X and Y sodium zeolites seem to be the most effective adsorbents, but at lowest tested pressures, near the concentrations found at museums, a pillared clay prepared from a Wyoming montmorillonite seems to be more efficient.     

Modification of Cr/SiO2 for the dehydrogenation of propane to propylene in carbon dioxide

Summary Dehydrogenation of propane to propylene in carbon dioxide was investigated over promoted Cr/SiO2. The results showed that the catalysts were effective for the reaction and CO2 in the feed promoted the catalytic activity. XRD, TPR and microcalorimetric adsorption techniques were used to study the structure and surface acidity of the catalysts. It was found that the surface acidity decreased with the increase of K in the Cr/SiO2 and led to the increase of selectivity toward propylene. A propane conversion of 31% with 91% selectivity to propylene over the 5%Cr-0.4%K/SiO2 catalyst was observed at 923 K with CO2 /C3H8 molar ratio of 3.6.