甲烷在活性炭上裂解制氢研究

在连续流动石英固定床反应器上研究了甲烷在活性炭上裂解制氢的反应，并对反应前后活性炭的比表面积以及孔径分布等的变化进行了测定。结果表明，甲烷在五种活性炭上的裂解行为基本相同，反应初期转化率最高，随着反应进行转化率逐渐降低直至一个平稳的状态；降低甲烷分压和增加甲烷与活性炭的接触时间可提高甲烷转化率；温度的升高有利于初始转化率的提高，但不利于活性炭的稳定性；反应后活性炭比表面积、孔容及微孔孔容都明显降低，平均孔径增大，孔径分布向中孔方向迁移，说明甲烷的裂解导致了活性炭孔特别是微孔内的炭沉积以及进一步的孔堵塞。     

富勒烯氢化物的合成研究进展

综述了十几年来富勒烯氢化物各种合成方法, 不同的氢化方法所得的氢化物不同; 并对富勒烯氢化物在储氢材料方面的应用作了展望.     

一种具有二维状组装体结构的氢键结合超分子水凝胶的制备

近年来,基于低分子量有机凝胶因子(low molecular mass organic gelators)[1]形成的超分子水凝胶得到了广泛关注.     

城市污水处理过程中有机污染物三维荧光特性的变化规律

采用三维荧光光谱法研究了城市污水处理过程中溶解性有机物的三维荧光特性变化规律。研究结果表明,生活污水中荧光类溶解性有机物主要以类蛋白有机物、UV腐殖质和可见腐殖质为主;污水生物处理前后特征荧光峰中心位置和强度均发生明显的改变,表明污水中有机物的相对组成和含量随生物处理过程而变化。三维特征荧光参数可以反映污水处理过程中污染物的种类、性质和含量变化等丰富信息。其测定迅速简便、灵敏度高,可用于污水处理效果的定性分析、定量评价,易于实现污水处理过程的实时在线监测,指导污水处理工艺的设计、运行、管理和控制。     

Calcined Ni—Al layered double hydroxide as a catalyst for total oxidation of volatile organic compounds: Effect of precursor crystallinity

The effect of hydrothermal treatment on properties (crystallinity, porous structure, reducibility, acidity, basicity, and catalytic activity and selectivity in toluene and ethanol total oxidation) of Ni—Al layered double hydroxide precursors and related mixed oxides was examined. The hydrothermal treatment increased considerably both the content of crystalline phase and LDH crystallite size. On the other hand, only a slight effect of the precursor hydrothermal treatment on crystallinity of the related Ni—Al mixed oxides obtained by calcination at 450°C was observed. The reducibility of NiO particles appeared to be hindered considerably compared to the reducibility of pure NiO. Catalytic activity of the Ni—Al mixed oxides prepared from the precursors hydrothermally treated for a short time (4 h) was the highest. The highest amount of acetaldehyde formed during the total oxidation of ethanol, i.e. the worst selectivity was found for the calcined Ni—Al LDH without hydrothermal treatment. Presented at the 33rd International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 22–26 May 2006.     

水中铬污染治理的研究进展

综述了水中铬污染治理的研究进展,包括物理法、物理化学法、化学法、电化学法和生物处理法,并分别评述了各种处理方法的优缺点,提出了未来含铬废水治理的发展方向。     

介孔CeO2负载的Co3O4催化剂催化富氢气体中的CO优先氧化反应

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出介孔氧化铈(meso-CeO2)及其负载的氧化钴(Co3O4/meso-CeO2)催化剂,并将其应用于富氢气体中CO的优先氧化反应.通过N2物理吸附及X射线衍射表征考察了meso-CeO2和Co3O4/meso-CeO2的结构性质.活性评价结果表明,在高空速下,Co3O4/meso-CeO2催化剂上的CO优先氧化性能很好,但水和CO2对CO的氧化有一定的负作用.Co3O4/meso-CeO2催化剂的CO完全氧化温度窗口远大于沉淀法制备CeO2负载的氧化钴催化剂.     

Effect of Transition Metals (Cu, Co and Fe) on the Autothermal Reforming of Methane over Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ Catalyst

The transition metals (Cu, Co, and Fe) were applied to modify Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ catalyst.The effects of transition metals on the catalytic properties of Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ autothermal reforming of methane were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS.Tests in autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen showed that the addition of transition metals (Cu and Co) significantly increased the activity of catalyst under the conditions of lower reaction temperature,and Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδ was found to have the highest conversion of CH4 among all catalysts in the operation temperatures ranging from 923 K to 1023 K. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the cubic phases of CexZr1-xO2 solid solution were formed in the preparation process of catalysts.Strong interaction was found to exist between NiO and CexZr1-xO2 solid solution. The addition of Cu improved the dispersion of NiO, inhibited the formation of NiAl2O4, and thus significantly promoted the activity of the catalyst Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδ.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Layered Lead(Ⅱ) Carboxylate-sulfonate Compound Templated by 4,4''-Bipyridine

A new lead(Ⅱ) carboxylate-sulfonate has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal and elemental analyses. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P,(1) with a=8.1573(6), b=9.4663(7), c=12.7488(9) (A), α=89.2320(10), β=80.7380(10), γ=77.9760(10)°, Z=2, V=950.10(12) (A)3, Mr=599.57, Dc=2.096 g/cm3, μ=9.032 mm-1, F(000)=572, the final R=0.0412 and wR=0.1035. It has a 1D chain structure, and the Pb(Ⅱ) is six-coordinated. Two PbO6 polyhedra are interconnected via edge-sharing into a two-core unit. Such units are further interconnected by 3-sulfonato-benzoic acids into 1D chains which are linked by hydrogen bonds into a layer structure. The 4,4'-bipyridines are located at the interlayer space and link the layers into a supramolecular structure by π-π stacking interactions.     

聚碳硅烷纤维的空气不熔化处理

用热重和红外光谱分析了聚碳硅烷纤维在空气中的不熔化处理过程, 确定了不熔化处理的反应机理和反应条件。通过控制不熔化处理程度, 有效地改善了碳化硅纤维的力学性能。