Adaptive generalized matrix projective lag synchronization between two different complex networks with non-identical nodes and different dimensions

<正>The adaptive generalized matrix projective lag synchronization between two different complex networks with non-identical nodes and different dimensions is investigated in this paper.Based on Lyapunov stability theory and Barbalat’s lemma,generalized matrix projective lag synchronization criteria are derived by using the adaptive control method.Furthermore,each network can be undirected or directed,connected or disconnected,and nodes in either network may have identical or different dynamics.The proposed strategy is applicable to almost all kinds of complex networks.In addition,numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this method,showing that the synchronization speed is sensitively influenced by the adaptive law strength,the network size,and the network topological structure.     

Novel delay-distribution-dependent stability analysis for continuous-time recurrent neural networks with stochastic delay

<正>In this paper,the problem of delay-distribution-dependent stability is investigated for continuous-time recurrent neural networks(CRNNs) with stochastic delay.Different from the common assumptions on time delays,it is assumed that the probability distribution of the delay taking values in some intervals is known a priori.By making full use of the information concerning the probability distribution of the delay and by using a tighter bounding technique(the reciprocally convex combination method),less conservative asymptotic mean-square stable sufficient conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs).Two numerical examples show that our results are better than the existing ones.     

Kinetics of muonic hydrogen drift in axial symmetric geometry

The kinetics of muonic atoms of hydrogen isotopes in an axially symmetric trap is studied. The problem of the determination of the initial kinetic energy distribution of µp and µd atoms from time-of-flight spectra is discussed. The effects of the scattering of muonic atoms from gas and of the stopping distribution are evaluated. When the collision length is much larger than the target radius, the moments of the kinetic energy distribution are shown to be determined by the time-of-flight spectrum in a model-independent way.     

氢原子中电子椭圆轨道的简单处理

对氢原子或类氢离子中电子的椭圆轨道和能量给出了一个简单的处理方法．     

累积轧制Ti／AI复合材料的微观结构演变和力学性能研究

用累积轧制法成功制备了平均晶粒尺寸为200--300nm的超细等轴晶Ti／A1多层复合材料．研究了Ti／A1多层复合材料的微结构变化和力学性能．     

复杂换热网络MINLP中的非线性特性分析

针对复杂换热网络MINLP问题,本文应用多维函数渐变法探索和分析了连续变量和整型变量引起的网络性能非线性和非凸特性。研究表明,当系统规模增大时,不但连续变量的叠加效应将增加系统的非线性,整型变量将使得非线性特性更为严重。     

奇异摄动法简化化学反应机理

本文简单介绍了奇异摄动方法简化化学反应机理的原理,通过对反应过程中不同反应模态的特征时间来区分反应过程中的快慢模态,并由此确定简化机理的组分数,对氢气/空气、甲烷/空气的燃烧机理分别用CSP方法做简化,对GRI-2.11的简化机理论与详细机理对点火延迟时间和火焰传播速度进行了较宽压力和当量比下的验证,结果证明了该方法的有效性和准确性。同时也讨论了不同反应快模态数的选择对结果会产生的影响,为得到能模拟点火过程的简化机理提供一种参考方法。     

Mechanistic investigations in α‐hydroxycarbonyls reduction by BH4‐

BH₄^‐, a well‐known and widely used reducing agent for carbonyl compounds, has been reported to have the ability to participate in dihydrogen bonding, an interaction with applications in catalysis, stereoselectivity and crystal engineering. Specifically, α‐hydroxycarbonyls are activated for reduction by dihydrogen bonding that occurs between BH₄^‐ and hydroxyl group. We explored the effect of the interaction on the mechanism of these reactions by examining their activation parameters. We found that dihydrogen bonding activates α‐hydroxycyclopentanone for reduction with NBu₄BH₄ by lowering the activation enthalpy by 6.6 kcal/mol. While the activation entropy is a significant component of the barrier, the changes resulting from the occurrence of dihydrogen bonding are manifested predominantly in the enthalpy term. Computational studies suggest that, while internal hydrogen bonding is allowed by the flexibility of the carbon backbone, that interaction is outweighed by dihydrogen bonding once BH₄^‐ is present in the system. Experimentally, a red shift of the hydroxyl frequency is observed upon addition of BH₄^‐ to the reaction mixture, suggesting a dihydrogen bonding interaction. The flexibility of the substrate's skeleton or the selectivity of the hydride sites in BH₄^‐ does not account for the lack of directing effect of the dihydrogen bonding. When a substrate with a rigid naphthalene backbone moiety, 2‐hydroxyacenaphthylen‐1(2H)‐one, is reduced, the stereochemical outcome is very similar to the one corresponding to the α‐hydroxycyclopentanone. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Excited‐state hydrogen bonding dynamics of pyruvic acid and geminal‐diol, 2,2‐dihydroxypropanoic acid in aqueous solution: a DFT/TDDFT study

In this work, we present the optimized ground state geometrical structures, electronic excitation energies and corresponding oscillation strengths of the low‐lying electronically excited states for the isolated Tce‐CH3COCOOH and Tce‐CH3C(OH)2COOH as well as their corresponding hydrogen‐bonded dimers Tce‐CH3COCOOH‐H2O and Tce‐CH3C(OH)2COOH‐H2O through time‐dependent density functional theory method. It is found that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds C=O···H‐O are strengthened in the electronically excited states of the hydrogen‐bonded dimers Tce‐CH3COCOOH‐H2O and Tce‐CH3C(OH)2COOH‐H2O, in that the excitation energies of the related excited states for the hydrogen‐bonded dimers are decreased compared with those of the corresponding monomers. The calculated results are consistent with the rules that are first demonstrated by Zhao on the excited‐state hydrogen bonding dynamics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.