不同形貌氮化硅纳米结构的制备与表征

分别通过VLS和VS生长机制得到了Si3N4纳米线和纳米带.产物经X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等表征手段进行了分析.FTIR图谱表明它们在800～1100cm-1的波数范围内有一个宽的吸收带,这是Si-N键伸缩振动模式的典型吸收带.它们的室温光致发光图谱显示,在420nm左右都有一很强的发射带,表明其将在纳米光电器件中有潜在应用.另外,Si3N4纳米线发光峰与纳米带的发光相比有少许蓝移(蓝移约4nm),这可能和晶须尺寸的少许差别有关.至于纳米带的发光强度大于纳米线的原因,可能是纳米带的比表面积相对较大,有利于悬键的形成,从而导致材料结构内缺陷的浓度较大.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Improved Stretchable and Sensitive Fe Nanowire-Based Strain Sensor by Optimizing Areal Density of Nanowire Network

Flexible strain sensors, when considering high sensitivity and a large strain range, have become a key requirement for current robotic applications. However, it is still a thorny issue to take both factors into consideration at the same time. Here, we report a sandwich-structured strain sensor based on Fe nanowires (Fe NWs) that has a high GF (37–53) while taking into account a large strain range (15–57.5%), low hysteresis (2.45%), stability, and low cost with an areal density of Fe NWs of 4.4 mg/cm². Additionally, the relationship between the contact point of the conductive network, the output resistance, and the areal density of the sensing unit is analyzed. Microscopically, the contact points of the conductive network directly affect the sensor output resistance distribution, thereby affecting the gauge factor (GF) of the sensor. Macroscopically, the areal density and the output resistivity of the strain sensor have the opposite percolation theory, which affects its linearity performance. At the same time, there is a positive correlation between the areal density and the contact point: when the stretching amount is constant, it theoretically shows that the areal density affects the GF. When the areal density reaches this percolation threshold range, the sensing performance is the best. This will lay the foundation for rapid applications in wearable robots.     

金红石TiO_2中本征缺陷扩散性质的第一性原理计算

基于密度泛函理论的爬坡弹性带方法,对金红石相二氧化钛晶体中钛间隙、钛空位、氧间隙、氧空位4种本征缺陷的扩散特征进行了研究.对比4种本征缺陷在晶格内部沿不同扩散路径的过渡态势垒后发现,缺陷扩散过程呈现出明显的各向异性.其中,钛间隙和氧间隙沿[001]方向具有最小的扩散势垒路径,激活能分别为0.505 eV和0.859 eV;氧空位和钛空位的势垒最小的扩散路径分别沿[110]方向和[111]方向,激活能分别为0.735 eV和2.375 eV.     

Antioxidant Activity of Ruthenium Cyclopentadienyl Complexes Bearing Succinimidato and Phthalimidato Ligands

In these studies, we investigated the antioxidant activity of three ruthenium cyclopentadienyl complexes bearing different imidato ligands: (η⁵-cyclopentadienyl)Ru(CO)₂-N-methoxysuccinimidato (1), (η⁵-cyclopentadienyl)Ru(CO)₂-N-ethoxysuccinimidato (2), and (η⁵-cyclopentadienyl)Ru(CO)₂-N-phthalimidato (3). We studied the effects of ruthenium complexes 1–3 at a low concentration of 50 µM on the viability and the cell cycle of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HL-60 leukemic cells exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Moreover, we examined the influence of these complexes on DNA oxidative damage, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. We have observed that ruthenium complexes 1–3 increase the viability of both normal and cancer cells decreased by H₂O₂ and also alter the HL-60 cell cycle arrested by H₂O₂ in the sub-G1 phase. In addition, we have shown that ruthenium complexes reduce the levels of ROS and oxidative DNA damage in both cell types. They also restore SOD activity reduced by H₂O₂. Our results indicate that ruthenium complexes 1–3 bearing succinimidato and phthalimidato ligands have antioxidant activity without cytotoxic effect at low concentrations. For this reason, the ruthenium complexes studied by us should be considered interesting molecules with clinical potential that require further detailed research.     

郡县制国家现代化：中央政府如何扩大公共事务治理职能

郡县制国家的传统职能是“管人”,但是在当代,为了适应现代世界,需要加强和完善“管事”的职能。然而,加强“管事”的职能遇到的一大障碍,是“管事”与“管人”通常难以分开,带来管事与管人的冲突。在全国性公共事务上,面对管事与管人的冲突,郡县制国家的一种改革方向,即建立中央统一管理与地方属地管理相结合的体制,既扩大中央政府的治理职能,同时又发挥纵向约束机制的作用,从而能改善全国性公共事务治理。此种中央统一管理与地方属地管理相结合的体制,通常不是中央政府事先设计出来的,而是在改革过程中,经由中央政府与地方政府的策略性互动过程,逐渐建立起来的。因此,郡县制国家蕴含着一种潜力,即在公共事务治理上,包括地方公共事务和全国性公共事务,可以引入和发挥“纵向约束机制”的作用,使得国家既保持“管人”的基本体制不变,又能提高治理能力。     

Evaluation of a Novel Dechlorination Reaction as an Analytically Useful Derivatization Reaction Part 1. Stoichiometry,Mechanism and Yield Optimization

Abstract

A novel reaction for the dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as most other chlorinated aromatic and aliphatic compounds is evaluated and discussed in terms of its potential for analytical purposes. The active dechlorinating agent is prepared through the reaction of molten sodium or potassium with polyethylene glycols (MW >200), in the absence of oxygen, to form the corresponding alkali metal glycolate, a powerful nucleophilic agent. Special emphasis is given to the mechanistic aspects of the reaction and their importance in terms of achieving high and reproducible yields with analytical quantities of substrate, in short periods of time. The contribution of the techniques: ESR, NMR, IR, UV, MS, GC-ECD, LC-EC, CIDNP-NMR, conductimetry and chloride analysis (amperometric) in elucidating the reaction mechanism and providing valuable kinetic data is illustrated. This reaction can potentially be applied to the determination of PCBs in waste oils.     

Die Untersuchung einer Laboratoriumsanlage nach dem Heiß-Kalt-System mit einfachem Durchfluß der Fluide

Es wird ein Heiβ-Kalt-System mit einfachem Durchfluβ der Fluide untersucht. Dabei wird gezeigt, daβ zwischen den Isotopenkonzentrationen des Gases und der Flüssigkeit lineare Beziehungen bestehen. Eine Möglichkeit zur experimentellen Bestimmung der realen Werte der Parameter der Kolonne wird angegeben.     

Synthesis and characterization of polythiophene block copolymer and fullerene derivative capable of “three‐point” complementary hydrogen bonding interactions and their application in bulk‐heterojunction solar cells

We report the synthesis and characterization of a polythiophene block copolymer (P4) selectively functionalized with diaminopyrimidine moieties and a thymine tethered fullerene derivative (F1). Self‐assembly between P4 and F1 through “three‐point” complementary hydrogen bonding is studied by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. A large Stern‐Volmer constant (K_SV) of 1.2 × 10⁵ M^?1 is observed from fluorescence quenching experiments, revealing strong complexation between these two components. Solar cells employing P4 and F1 at different weight ratios as active layers are fabricated and tested; corresponding thin film morphologies are studied in detail by optical imaging and atomic force microscopy. Correlations between polymer complex structures, film morphologies, and device performance are discussed. Thermal stability of benchmark poly(3‐hexylthiophene) bulk heterojunction solar cells is found to be improved by the addition of a few weight percent of P4/F1 complexes as compatibilizers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 3339–3350