A Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Amination/Hydroamination Sequence: Switchable Synthesis of Functionalized Indoles

A copper‐catalyzed decarboxylative amination/hydroamination sequence of propargylic carbamates with various nucleophiles is described for the first time. It features an earth‐abundant metal catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and high efficiency. Further treatments of the resultant key intermediates using an acid or a base in one pot enable the controllable and divergent synthesis of two types of functionalized indoles. Moreover, experiments to demonstrate the synthetic potential of this methodology are performed.     

Bis(phosphinimino)methanide rare earth amides: synthesis, structure, and catalysis of hydroamination/cyclization, hydrosilylation, and sequential hydroamination/hydrosilylation

A series of yttrium and lanthanide amido complexes [Ln{N(SiHMe(2))2}2{CH(PPh(2)NSiMe(3))2}] (Ln=Y, La, Sm, Ho, Lu) were synthesized by three different pathways. The title compounds can be obtained either from [Ln{N(SiHMe(2))2}3(thf)2] and [CH(2)(PPh(2)NSiMe(3))2] or from KN(SiHMe(2))2 and [Ln{CH(PPh(2)NSiMe(3))2}Cl(2)]2, while in a third approach the lanthanum compound was synthesized in a one-pot reaction starting from K{CH(PPh(2)NSiMe(3))2}, LaCl3, and KN(SiHMe(2))2. All the complexes have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The new complexes, [Ln{N(SiHMe(2))2}2{CH(PPh(2)NSiMe(3))2}], were used as catalysts for hydroamination/cyclization and hydrosilylation reactions. A clear dependence of the reaction rate on the ionic radius of the center metal was observed, showing the lanthanum compound to be the most active one in both reactions. Furthermore, a combination of both reactions--a sequential hydroamination/hydrosilylation reaction--was also investigated.     

芳香胺盐酸盐/硼烷体系催化的氢胺化/还原反应研究

近年来有关受限路易斯酸碱对（FLPs）化学的研究受到了国内外的广泛关注,但有关芳香胺类FLPs的应用研究却极少涉及.本工作以硅烷作为还原剂,路易斯酸三（五氟苯基）硼（BCF）作为催化剂,用芳香胺盐酸盐代替苯胺,可一步反应实现炔烃与苯胺的催化氢胺化还原反应.研究发现,取代基较多的三乙基硅烷在反应中表现出较高的反应活性,吸电子取代基取代的端基芳炔的转化率也较给电子取代基取代的端基芳炔的转化率高.对催化反应的机理研究表明,胺盐与B（C₆F₅）₃及硅烷反应所生成的硼氢化芳胺盐活性中间体"[Ar₂NH₂]⁺[H-B（C₆F₅）₃]^-"的产生和分解速度决定着中间产物亚胺的生成和还原.     

Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Allenes Coupled to Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation

Taking the air! A Pd^II‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of allenes coupled to alcohol oxidation has been developed. This reaction is performed by using a nitrogen‐based ligand under aerobic conditions, under which the molecular oxygen is used as the terminal oxidant for the reoxidation of Pd⁰ species to complete the catalytic cycle.

     

THF-solvated Heavy Alkali Metal Benzyl Compounds (Na,Rb, Cs): Defined Deprotonation Reagents for Alkali Metal Mediation Chemistry

The incorporation of heavy alkali metals into substrates is both challenging and essential for many reactions. Here, we report the formation of THF-solvated alkali metal benzyl compounds [PhCH₂M ⋅ (thf)_n] (M=Na, Rb, Cs). The synthesis was carried out by deprotonation of toluene with the bimetallic mixture n-butyllithium/alkali metal tert-butoxide and selective crystallization from THF of the defined benzyl compounds. Insights into the molecular structure in the solid as well as in solution state are gained by single crystal X-ray experiments and NMR spectroscopic studies. The compounds could be successfully used as alkali metal mediating reagents. The example of caesium showed the convenient use by deprotonating acidic C−H as well as N−H compounds to gain insight into the aminometalation using these reagents.     

Bismuth‐ and Hafnium‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Vinyl Arenes with Sulfonamides,Carbamates, and Carboxamides

Catalytic intermolecular hydroamination of vinyl arenes is described. Our initial investigation revealed that a Bi(OTf)₃/[Cu(CH₃CN)₄]PF₆ system previously developed for catalytic intermolecular hydroamination of 1,3‐dienes was suitable for hydroamination of a styrene with sulfonamides, but the substrate generality of this system was unsatisfactory. Several metals were screened to expand the substrate scope, and a new Hf(OTf)₄/[Cu(CH₃CN)₄]PF₆ system was determined to be highly suitable. The combination of Hf(OTf)₄ and [Cu(CH₃CN)₄]PF₆ efficiently promoted the hydroamination of various vinyl arenes, including less‐reactive vinyl arenes with electron‐withdrawing groups. This strategy was applied to sulfonamides, carbamates, and carboxamides, and products were obtained in up to 99 % yield with 0.3–10 mol % catalyst loading.