Completely solid-state LD-side-pumped Nd:YAlO<Subscript>3</Subscript> CW blue laser with intracavity frequency tripling

We report a completely solid-state continuous-wave (CW) blue laser operating at 447 nm utilizing intracavity frequency tripling of an LD-side-pumped Nd:YAlO₃ (Nd:YAP) laser operating at 1341.4 nm. An LBO crystal with type-I critical phase matching and a KTP crystal with type-II critical phase matching (CTM) were used for the second harmonic generation (SHG) and the third harmonic generation (THG), respectively. In view of the analysis of the cavity stability, a four-mirror folded cavity was designed and the output characteristics were theoretically analyzed. Experimental characteristics obtained were shown to be in agreement with the theoretical analysis. The maximum output power of the 447 nm CW blue laser reached 114 mW, which corresponds to a red-to-blue conversion efficiency of 9%.     

微重力环境下冷原子物理及其应用

文章介绍了国际上微重力环境下冷原子物理及其应用的研究工作：空间原子钟、原子干涉仪、超冷原子物理和建议中的广义相对论的探索.文中简要介绍了中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所在微重力环境下所进行的空间原子钟、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚和原子芯片等研究工作.     

整体毛细管X光透镜在大气颗粒物单颗粒分析中的应用

对大气颗粒物进行单颗粒X射线荧光(XRF)分析,是一种识别大气颗粒物来源的有力手段.为了利用实验室X射线光源对大气颗粒物进行单颗粒XRF分析,建立了基于整体毛细管X光透镜和实验室X射线光源的微束X射线谱仪.透镜焦斑处的功率密度增益在103数量级,焦斑直径为30 μm左右.该微束X射线谱仪对Fe-Kα线的最小探测极限为0.7 Pg.在Mo靶光源电压和电流分别为30 kV和50 mA的条件下,利用该谱仪对直径为9 μm的大气颗粒物单颗粒进行XRF分析时,测谱时间在180 s左右.实验表明,基于毛细管X光透镜和实验室X射线光源的微束X射线分析技术在大气颗粒物单颗粒分析中有着潜在的应用价值.     

三价铕荧光络合物与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮复合物研究

为研究稀土荧光络合物与高分子形成的复合物的结构与发光性能间的关系,利用α-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮（TTA）和三苯基氧化膦（TPPO）与氯化铕（EuCl₃）分别制备了Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O和Eu(TTA)₃·(TPPO)₂络合物,及其与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）的复合物。采用荧光光谱,红外光谱和透射电镜等方法对复合物进行了表征。荧光光谱测定结果表明Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O与PVP K30结构单元摩尔比为1∶35的PVP/Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O复合物的612　nm发射峰的荧光强度较Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O络合物有显著提高。红外光谱研究表明络合物的Eu3+与PVP分子的羰基之间存在着明显的配位作用,并且存在多种配位方式。透射电镜观察结果表明复合物具有微相分离结构,其中的稀土络合物为无定形结构,这进一步表明PVP与络合物分子间存在相互作用。     

金属有机骨架材料-核酸适配体荧光法检测沙门氏菌

基于金属有机骨架材料(Uio-66-NH2)的荧光猝灭特性以及对核酸适配体的吸附性,结合核酸适配体的高亲和力与高特异性识别能力,构建了针对沙门氏菌检测的荧光生物传感器,当有荧光素修饰的沙门氏菌、适配体被材料吸附到表面时,由于材料诱导电子转移猝灭了荧光素的荧光,若溶液中存在沙门氏菌,则沙门氏菌与其适配体特异性结合后从材料表面脱附,材料与荧光素之间的电子转移过程被切断,荧光素的荧光恢复。基于此原理构建的荧光传感器的信号与沙门氏菌浓度的对数在101~105cfu/m L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为7 cfu/m L,将该方法用于虾肉样品中沙门氏菌的检测,加标回收率为90.0%~108.0%,该传感器对沙门氏菌有较好的选择性与灵敏度。     

Photonic graphene with reconfigurable geometric structures in coherent atomic ensembles

Photonic graphene, possesses a honeycomb-like geometric structure, provides a superior platform for simulating photonic bandgap, Dirac physics, and topological photonics. Here, the photonic graphene with reconfigurable geometric structures is demonstrated in a 5S_1/2 − 5P_3/2 − 5D_5/2 cascade-type ⁸⁵Rb atomic ensembles. A strong hexagonal-coupling field, formed by the interference of three identical coupling beams, is responsible for optically inducing photonic graphene in atomic vapor. The incident weak probe beam experiences discrete diffraction, and the observed pattern at the output plane of vapor cell exhibits a clear hexagonal intensity distribution. The complete photonic graphene geometries from transversely stretched to longitudinally stretched are conveniently constructed by varying the spatial arrangement of three coupling beams, and the corresponding diffraction patterns are implemented theoretically and experimentally to map these distorted geometric structures. Moreover, the distribution of lattice sites intensity in photonic graphene is further dynamically adjusted by two-photon detuning and the coupling beams power. This work paves the way for further investigation of light transport and graphene dynamics.     

双色中红外激光场延迟及相位调控产生水窗区间光子

理论研究了双色中红外激光场时间延迟及相位对高次谐波光谱的影响.结果表明：当激光延迟为-1.0 fs,激光相位为0.2π和0时,谐波截止能量可以得到有效延伸,并且获得一个超宽水窗区间谐波连续平台区.此外,谐波光谱的延伸与控制场波长关系不大,即,在上述激光延迟和相位下,控制场波长在2300 nm到2700 nm区间时都可获得水窗区谐波光谱.最后,叠加光谱连续区的谐波可获得35 as的水窗区孤立阿秒脉冲.     

Semiconductor Emitters in Entropy Sources for Quantum Random Number Generation

Random number generation (RNG) is needed for a myriad of applications ranging from secure communication encryption to numerical simulations to sports and games. However, generating truly random numbers can be elusive. Pseudorandom bit generation using computer algorithms provides a high random bit generation rate. Nevertheless, the reliance on predefined algorithms makes it deterministic and predictable once initial conditions are known. Relying on physical phenomena (such as measuring electrical noise or even rolling dice) can achieve a less predictable sequence of bits. Furthermore, if the physical phenomena originate from quantum effects, they can be truly random and completely unpredictable due to quantum indeterminacy. Traditionally, physical RNG is significantly slower than pseudorandom techniques. To meet the demand for high-speed RNG with perfect unpredictability, semiconductor light sources are adopted as parts of the sources of randomness, i.e., entropy sources, in quantum RNG (QRNG) systems. The high speed of their noise, the high efficiency, and the small scale of these devices make them ideal for chip-scale QRNG. Here, the applications and recent advances of QRNG are reviewed using semiconductor emitters. Finally, the performance of these emitters is compared and discuss their potential in future technologies.     

Manipulating Nonlinear Photocurrent from Interlayer Coupling in Bilayer Metamaterials for Polarized Terahertz Generation

Polarized terahertz (THz) wave generation is of great significance for chiral and anisotropic sensing applications. However, how to manipulate amplitude, polarization, and ellipticity of the THz generation is still a fundamental challenge. Herein, polarized THz wave generation is achieved from a bilayer metamaterial consisting of T-shaped structure (TSS) and split resonator rings (SRRs) by combining Maxwell and hydrodynamic equations. The elliptically polarized THz wave can be synthetized directly from horizontally and vertically polarized THz components due to the orthogonal nonlinear photocurrents along the arm-directions of TSS and SRRs, respectively. Besides, the ellipticity and the orientation angle of the THz polarization ellipse can be modulated by the twist angle between the SRRs and TSS layers. The maximum ellipticity can reach 0.34 while the orientation angle is tunable from −0.45 to 0.48π by tuning the twist angle. This work proposes an interlayer coupling method for the polarized THz sources based on metamaterials in potential circular dichroism and chiral sensing applications.     

基于置换法的硫离子荧光传感器的研究及其在生物细胞成像中的应用

报道了一种基于香豆素衍生物与铜离子的络合物（C1-Cu）,可通过间接的方法检测硫离子。络合物C1-Cu的溶液中加入硫离子后,表现出明显的荧光增强响应,检测灵敏度高,检出限低达90 nmol/L;响应速度快,可实现硫离子的实时检测;荧光强度变化与硫离子浓度呈现良好的线性关系,能准确地定量分析硫离子浓度。上述络合物C1-Cu对硫离子的检测具有超高的选择性,即使在其他阴离子存在下也能高效地识别出硫离子;得益于香豆素良好的水溶性和生物相容性,上述络合物C1-Cu可实现生物细胞中硫离子的荧光成像。除荧光光谱响应之外,该体系对硫离子亦有紫外-可见光谱响应,无需借助任何仪器便可实现对硫离子方便、快捷的"裸眼"检测。