Succinic acid adsorption from fermentation broth and regeneration

More than 25 sorbents were tested for uptake of succinic acid from aqueous solutions. The best resins were then tested for successive loading and regeneration using hotwater. The key desired properties for an ideal sorbent are high capacity, complete stable regenerability, and specificity for the product. The best resins have a stable capacity of about 0.06 g of succinic acid/g of resin at moderate concentrations (1–5 g/L) of succinic acid. Several sorbents were tested more exhaustively for uptake of succinic acid and for successive loading and regeneration using hot water. One resin, XUS 40285, has a good stable isotherm capacity, prefers succinate over glucose, and has good capacities at both acidic and neutral pH. Succinic acid was removed from simulated media containing salts, succinic acid, acetic acid, and sugar using a packed column of sorbent resin, XUS 40285. The fermentation byproduct, acetate, was completely separated from succinate. A simple hot water regeneration successfully concentrated succinate from 10 g/L (inlet) to 40–110 g/L in the effluent. If successful, this would lower separation costs by reducing the need for chemicals for the initial purification step. Despie promising initial results of good capacity (0.06 g of succinic/g of sorbent), 70% recovery using hot water, and a recovered concentration of >100 g/L, this regeneration was not stable over 10 cycles in the column. Alternative regeneration schemes using acid and base were examined. Two (XUS 40285 and XFS-40422) showed both good stable capacities for succinic acid over 10 cycles and >95% recovery in a batch operation using a modified extraction procedure combining acid and hot water washes. These resins showed comparable results with actual broth.     

医疗和危险废物高温洁净热处理及环境力学

结合2003年中国的突发危害公众健康的事件，分析了医疗、化学战剂及危险废物的分类、特性，比较了各种高温热处理技术的基本要求，方法分类和设备特点，包括：各类焚烧炉、热解炉和等离子体裂解装置．还对前处理工艺要求，尾气处理工艺等进行了分析讨论，讨论了防止二次污染的技术手段，特别介绍了二噁英等高危险性产物的特性．还介绍了发达国家的医疗废物和危险废物的管理、处置和二次污染防治等情况．     

活性污泥法处理城市污水中鼓风和纯氧两种曝气方法的比较

对活性污泥法处理城市污水中鼓风曝气和纯氧（或富氧）曝气这两种方法，从曝气设备结构、特点、工艺技术指标、运行管理及经济性等方面进行了分析和比较。     

Equilibrium State of Inhomogeneous Plasma

We consider the problem of a self-consistent determination of an essentially inhomogeneous equilibrium state of classical plasma. The solutions of the stationary Vlasov–Poisson equations are constructed in the form of a localized transition layer that separates the domains of homogeneous plasmas with different equilibrium parameters. The layer can also transform into a local perturbation inside a homogeneous plasma. In both cases, the solution contains neither mass currents nor electric currents, and all electrodynamic and hydrodynamic quantities and their derivatives are continuous. The parameters of the adjacent domains uniquely determine the transition layer structure.     

Tetradecanol dehydrogenation over CuO catalyst supported on BaO, CaO and MgO

Bimetallic Cu/Mg, Ca, Ba mixed oxide compounds acted as catalyst in the dehydrogenation of tetradecanol into tetradecanal, and were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, surface area, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction and desorption of CO₂. Alkaline earth oxides increased the total basic site concentration in the order of Mg>Ca>Ba. A correlation was found between the total basic site concentration and initial dehydrogenation rate. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Diffusion study of multi-organic layers in OLEDs by ToF-SIMS

A model organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with structure of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq₃)/N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis[1-naphthy-(1,1′-diphenyl)]-4,4′-diamine (NPB)/indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass was fabricated for diffusion study by ToF-SIMS. The results demonstrate that ToF-SIMS is capable of delineating the structure of multi-organic layers in OLEDs and providing specific molecular information to aid deciphering the diffusion phenomena. Upon heat treatment, the solidity or hardness of the device was reduced. Complicated chemical reaction might occur at the NPB/ITO interface and results in the formation of a buffer layer, which terminates the upper diffusion of ions from underlying ITO.     

Mesoporous nanotube aggregates obtained from hydrothermally treating TiO2 with NaOH

Nanotube aggregates with high porosity were prepared from hydrothermal treatment of TiO₂ particles in NaOH at 130 °C, followed by HCl rinsing to different pH values. Pore structure of the aggregates, which were mainly mesoporous, was characterized by analyzing the N₂ sorption isotherm with different methods including the t-plot and density function theory. The surface area, pore volume and mean pore size of the aggregates increased with the rinsing acidity to reach a maximum (e.g. 400 m²/g in surface area) at pH 1.6 and then decreased with further increase of the acidity. The crystalline phase and composition of the aggregates were, as well, significantly affected by the acidity of the post-treatment rinsing. Large-surface area aggregates were of loosely-attached nanotubes, composed of both anatase TiO₂ and H₂Ti₂O₅·H₂O, obtained under a mildly acidic rinsing condition, while basic or highly acidic conditions resulted in the formation of closely coagulated dense structures consisting of different crystalline phases.     

稀土复合变质对新型铸造热锻模具钢组织与性能的影响

研究了稀土复合变质对新型铸造热锻模具钢（CHD钢）组织与性能的组织。结果表明，稀土复合变质能细化晶粒，并且随着稀土量的增加。细化效果明显；加入适量的稀土复合变质后，夹杂物数量明显减少，夹杂物趋于球化并均匀地分布在钢中，形态和分布得以了改善，向钢中加入稀土进行复合变质，能促进贝氏体、奥氏体和位错亚结构的形成，细化马氏体板条。当残留稀土含量为0.02%时，CHD钢的硬度、强度变化不大，断裂韧性（KIC）和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值（△Kth）有所提高，冲击韧性、延伸率、断面收缩率提高了近一倍，抗热疲劳性能也最好。     

AB5型球形合金粉的表面处理研究

由雾化（Gas－atomization）技术制备的AB5型球形合金粉，作为镍氢电池负极材料具有很多优点：粉粒呈球状便于在多孔基片内装填；耐压耐磨性好；抗碱能力强且不易解胶．但它的电化学初活性差，难于活化．有碍电池中的应用．采用适宜的氧化剂（铜盐水溶液）处理，使球粒表面形成一个富铜、富镍亚层，显著地改善了合金粉的电化学活性．经处理的MlNi3.8CO0.5Mn0.3Al0.4球形合金粉，仅3次充放电循环其放电量便可达到240mA·h·g-1；而未经处理的同一合金粉即便经6次充放电循环其放电量也只有103mA·h·g-1．