全文获取类型
收费全文 | 71336篇 |
免费 | 13172篇 |
国内免费 | 3169篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 68334篇 |
晶体学 | 1290篇 |
力学 | 2966篇 |
综合类 | 50篇 |
数学 | 5683篇 |
物理学 | 9354篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 41篇 |
2023年 | 172篇 |
2022年 | 444篇 |
2021年 | 679篇 |
2020年 | 1294篇 |
2019年 | 2854篇 |
2018年 | 2675篇 |
2017年 | 3111篇 |
2016年 | 3638篇 |
2015年 | 5851篇 |
2014年 | 5595篇 |
2013年 | 7660篇 |
2012年 | 6046篇 |
2011年 | 5897篇 |
2010年 | 4865篇 |
2009年 | 4652篇 |
2008年 | 5081篇 |
2007年 | 4428篇 |
2006年 | 4084篇 |
2005年 | 3775篇 |
2004年 | 3200篇 |
2003年 | 2939篇 |
2002年 | 3425篇 |
2001年 | 1836篇 |
2000年 | 1629篇 |
1999年 | 755篇 |
1998年 | 191篇 |
1997年 | 131篇 |
1996年 | 133篇 |
1995年 | 82篇 |
1994年 | 92篇 |
1993年 | 59篇 |
1992年 | 58篇 |
1991年 | 48篇 |
1990年 | 41篇 |
1989年 | 36篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 19篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
991.
Layer-by-layer fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolyte films have been studied. The photoluminescence of conjugate polyelectrolytes was observed to be highly tunable during this film assembly process. Efficient photoinduced electron transfer from thus prepared highly luminescent film to a natural electron-transfer protein cytochrome c has also been observed. 相似文献
992.
993.
Rudnev AV Aleksenko SS Semenova O Hartinger CG Timerbaev AR Keppler BK 《Journal of separation science》2005,28(2):121-127
A CE method has been developed to evidence and quantitatively characterize the interaction between platinum-based antitumor drugs and human serum proteins. This method is a variant of affinity CE modified regarding both experimental setup and data treatment so as to measure the peaks (or vacancies) that correspond to the bound drug when it slowly binds to the protein. Using the formalism of the Hummel-Dreyer method and cisplatin and oxaliplatin as test compounds, a protocol for determining albumin and transferrin binding constants and stoichiometries, including (and distinguished by) 48 hours of incubation of the reaction mixture, was elaborated. Relative affinities of drugs toward different proteins in aqueous solution at physiological pH, chloride concentration, and temperature were compared in terms of overall binding constants and numbers of drug molecules attached to the protein. The results indicate that both platinum drugs bind to albumin more strongly than to transferrin, supporting the concept that the albumin fraction is a major drug supply route for chemotherapeutical needs. From a comparison with the binding parameters measured previously for cisplatin by other methods, conclusions were drawn about the validity of CE as a simple and convenient method for assaying protein-drug reactions with slow kinetics. 相似文献
994.
The interlaboratory variability in the quantification of adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX) in industrially contaminated
soil is presented. Three consecutive rounds of a proficiency testing scheme, in which between 88 and 119 routine laboratories
participated, yielded relative reproducibility standard deviations between 7 and 20% at AOX contents between 10.9 and 268 mg
kg−1. Nineteen laboratories with established proficiency were invited to participate in the certification of the AOX content in
three soil reference materials meant for the internal quality control in analytical laboratories. The certified values are
(1349 ± 59) mg kg−1, (80 ± 7) mg kg−1 and (102 ± 8) mg kg−1, respectively. 相似文献
995.
Scientific research training is an essential part of undergraduate learning, which plays an important role in improving students' knowledge utilization and scientific literacy. Taking the participation process of "Energy conservation and emission reduction competition" as an example, this paper briefly introduces the undergraduate scientific research training of students majoring in polymer materials and engineering from their own perspective, and the way to combine the discipline and school characteristics to reflect the thinking of engineering students in scientific research and practical application. 相似文献
996.
Karsten Schubert Theodor Alpermann Tobias Niksch Helmar Grls Wolfgang Weigand 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2006,632(6):1033-1042
Synthesis and Analytical Characterization of Functionalized β‐Hydroxydithiocinnamic Acids and their Esters. Complex Chemistry towards Nickel(II), Palladium(II), and Platin(II) Starting from silyl‐protected 4‐hydroxy acetophenone ( 1 ) the 1,1‐ethenedihiolato complexes 3 – 5 were synthesised using carbon disulfide and potassium‐tert‐butylate as a base. After being deprotected, the resulting 4‐hydroxy‐substituted complexes 6 – 8 were esterified with DL‐α‐lipoic acid to obtain the compounds 9 – 11 . The resulting complexes were characterized using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy. 3‐substituted β‐hydroxydithiocinnamic acid methyl ester ( 12 ) was obtained via an analogous path of reaction using silyl‐protected 3‐hydroxy acetophenone ( 2 ), carbon disulfide and methyl iodide. After removing of the silyl group the resulting hydroxy group was esterified with DL‐α‐lipoic acid. Using the dithioacid ester 14 as a ligand the NiII ( 15 ), PdII ( 16 ) and PtII ( 17 ) [O,S] complexes were obtained. 相似文献
997.
998.
Cimpeanu V Parvulescu VI Amorós P Beltrán D Thompson JM Hardacre C 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2004,10(18):4640-4646
Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of a series of thioethers (2-thiomethylpyrimidine, 2-thiomethyl-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine, 2-thiobenzylpyrimidine, 2-thiobenzyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, thioanisole, and n-heptyl methyl sulfide) was performed in ionic liquids by using MCM-41 and UVM-type mesoporous catalysts containing Ti, or Ti and Ge. A range of triflate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoroacetate, lactate and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-based ionic liquids were used. The oxidations were carried out by using anhydrous hydrogen peroxide or the urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct and showed that ionic liquids are very effective solvents, achieving greater reactivity and selectivity than reactions performed in dioxane. The effects of halide and acid impurities on the reactions were also investigated. Recycling experiments on catalysts were carried out in order to evaluate Ti leaching and its effect on activity and selectivity. 相似文献
999.
Using the mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and p‐Octyl polyethylene glycol phenyl ether (OP‐10) as templates, siliceous MCM‐48 materials can be synthesized with low molar ratio of CTAB to silica (0.139:1) and low concentration of mixed surfactants (ca.5%) and within a wide range of OP‐10/CTAB ratio (0.08?0.25). The materials were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm, TEM, TG‐DSC and 29Si MAS NMR. Measurements indicated that the use of mixed surfactants allowed better condensation and higher ordering of the cubic mesostructure; at the same time, some properties of these materials were sensitive to the OP‐10/CTAB ratio. It was also found that the reduced pH of the gel which had been crystallized for a certain time gave a highly reproducible synthesis with a high silica yield (about 95%). Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of the synthesis is discussed in detail. 相似文献
1000.
In this article, we apply a novel time‐dependent discrete variable representation (TDDVR) method proposed by Barkakaty and Adhikari to investigate tunneling through an Eckart barrier. This semi‐classical method is theoretically rigorous and straightforward to implement. Among the TDDVR formulations, this report presents the first derivation of a rigorous form of quantum force (QF) for the present perspective. The validity of this semi‐classical approach is demanded based on the excellent agreement of the tunneling probability with the corresponding quantum results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004 相似文献