全文获取类型
收费全文 | 168234篇 |
免费 | 13264篇 |
国内免费 | 19233篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 138458篇 |
晶体学 | 2140篇 |
力学 | 6273篇 |
综合类 | 1391篇 |
数学 | 16616篇 |
物理学 | 35853篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 204篇 |
2023年 | 1449篇 |
2022年 | 3350篇 |
2021年 | 3601篇 |
2020年 | 4590篇 |
2019年 | 4304篇 |
2018年 | 3959篇 |
2017年 | 5427篇 |
2016年 | 6161篇 |
2015年 | 5277篇 |
2014年 | 6606篇 |
2013年 | 12847篇 |
2012年 | 11126篇 |
2011年 | 9656篇 |
2010年 | 8060篇 |
2009年 | 10567篇 |
2008年 | 10136篇 |
2007年 | 10769篇 |
2006年 | 9699篇 |
2005年 | 8650篇 |
2004年 | 8046篇 |
2003年 | 6545篇 |
2002年 | 7292篇 |
2001年 | 4853篇 |
2000年 | 4527篇 |
1999年 | 4181篇 |
1998年 | 3646篇 |
1997年 | 3059篇 |
1996年 | 2791篇 |
1995年 | 2663篇 |
1994年 | 2350篇 |
1993年 | 1909篇 |
1992年 | 1767篇 |
1991年 | 1369篇 |
1990年 | 1107篇 |
1989年 | 1063篇 |
1988年 | 971篇 |
1987年 | 845篇 |
1986年 | 688篇 |
1985年 | 617篇 |
1984年 | 644篇 |
1983年 | 329篇 |
1982年 | 556篇 |
1981年 | 492篇 |
1980年 | 475篇 |
1979年 | 454篇 |
1978年 | 295篇 |
1977年 | 197篇 |
1976年 | 181篇 |
1973年 | 101篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
991.
D. Radic L. H. Tagle A. Opazo A. Godoy L. Gargallo 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1994,41(5):1007-1018
Poly(monoitaconates) containing octyl, decyl and dodecyl groups and random monoalkylitaconate-co-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Copolymers of mono-n-octylitaconate (MOI), mono-n-decylitaconate (MDI), and mono-n-dodecylitaconate (MDoI), respectively, with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) of different compositions were studied by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal stability of the copolymers depends on the structure of the monoitaconate comonomer and on the composition of the copolymer The kinetic analysis of the degradation data shows that the thermal decomposition of these copolymers can be described by several kinetic orders depending on the copolymer and on the composition. The relative thermal stability of the copolymers increases as the VP content increases and as the length of the side chain of the itaconate increases, following the same trend as the flexibility of the copolymers in solution. 相似文献
992.
K. Jaques W. Buda L. Dumortier J. Van der Eycken Arnold Venema Pat Sandra 《Journal of separation science》1994,17(2):72-73
Capillary GC on permethyl α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins has been applied to separate and quantify the enantiomers of some 2,3-iso-propylidene-1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol derivatives. Quantitative CGC data are compared to those obtained with chiral shift 1H NMR. 相似文献
993.
Fernando M. Lanas Janete H. Y. Vilegas Srgio Martins Elaine A. F. Gobato 《Journal of separation science》1994,17(4):237-244
An overview is presented of the analytical approaches developed by our research group over the last ten years for analysis of alternative fuel, both biomass and fossil. The alternative fuels are analyzed successively by PLC-8 (preparative liquid chromatography–group-type) fractionation and high resolution gas chromatography. Some of the possibilities for fractionation and characterization of alternative fuels are herein exemplified with sugar cane bagasse pyrolysis products. 相似文献
994.
A method has been developed to determine the boiling point distribution of sulfur compounds in light cycle oils (LCO'S). The method chosen for this analysis was GC with a flame photometric detector (FPD) and pyrolyzer. Tests were carried out to evaluate the recovery efficiency, repeatability, and accuracy of the method. Repeatabilities within 2% were obtained. The recovery of benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes was close to 100%; this was important because these are the major sulfur components in LCO's. No hydrocarbon or solvent interferences were observed with the use of the pyrolyzer, even for a 95% solvent level. Comparison with results from other techniques showed that the method accurately determined the levels of sulfur compounds in the LCO boiling point range. 相似文献
995.
Guido Momerency Karel Van Cauwenberghe Ernst A. De Bruijn Allan T. Van Oosterom Martin S. Highley Peter G. Harper 《Journal of separation science》1994,17(9):655-661
A method is described for the determination of the antitumor agent iphosphamide and seven of its metabolites in the plasma of cancer patients by multiple ion monitoring (MIM) GC-MS, mainly using the electron capture chemical ionization mode, of stable methyl and/or trifluoroacetyl derivatives. The metabolites determined were 2- and 3-dechloroethyliphosphamide, 4-ketoiphosphamide, carboxyiphosphamide, iphosphamide mustard, and two previously undetected metabolites, chloroethylamine and 1,3-oxazolidine-2-one. The isolation of the acidic and neutral metabolites was performed by solid phase extraction on to C18 adsorbent at pH 4. The weakly acidic iphosphamide mustard, isolated under these conditions with a yield of ca 50%, was measured as a stable methyltrifluoroacetyl derivative, in contrast to the corresponding phosphoramide mustard of the isomer cyclophosphamide which decomposes during derivatization. Chloroethylamine and 1,3-oxazolidine-2-one were isolated with high yield by liquid extraction with ethyl acetate at pH 10. Selective measurement of several metabolite derivatives with similar retention times was performed by multiple ion monitoring MS of specific ion masses, using a methyl phenyl siloxane capillary column previously employed in the study of cyclophosphamide metabolites. Quantitation of metabolites in patient plasma samples could be performed in the concentration range 3 ng to 20 μg per ml of original plasma. 相似文献
996.
Summary. We examine the convergence characteristics of iterative methods based on a new preconditioning operator for solving the linear
systems arising from discretization and linearization of the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations. With a combination of analytic
and empirical results, we study the effects of fundamental parameters on convergence. We demonstrate that the preconditioned
problem has an eigenvalue distribution consisting of a tightly clustered set together with a small number of outliers. The
structure of these distributions is independent of the discretization mesh size, but the cardinality of the set of outliers
increases slowly as the viscosity becomes smaller. These characteristics are directly correlated with the convergence properties
of iterative solvers.
Received August 5, 2000 / Published online June 20, 2001 相似文献
997.
In this paper,applying the concept of generalized KKM map,we study problems ofvariational inequalities.We weaken convexity(concavity)conditions for a functional of two variables■(x,y)in the general variational inequalities.Last,we show a proof of non-topological degree meth-od of acute angle principle about monotone operator as an application of these results. 相似文献
998.
Nitro musks in cosmetic products—determination by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with atomic-emission detection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary The combination of headspace solid-phase microextraction with atomic-emission detection enables highly selective and sensitive
determination of itro musk compounds in cosmetic products. Sample preparation is considerably simplified; there is no solvent
extraction step. Enrichment is influenced by the type and amount of cosmetic product investigated. The lowest amount giving
well detectable peaks is 1 mg musk compound per kg sample. Calibration curves obtained from spiked solutions of selected reference
cosmetics in water show very good linearity. Relative standard deviations of peak areas from repeated measurements are usually
<10%.
Presented at the 21st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15th–20th September, 1996 相似文献
999.
Distribution of melamine in polyester–melamine surface coatings cured under nonisothermal conditions
N. J. W. Gamage D. J. T. Hill C. A. Lukey P. J. Pomery 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(1):83-91
The influence of experimental cure parameters on the diffusion of reactive species in polyester–melamine thermoset coatings during curing has been investigated with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared. The diffusion of melamine plays a vital role in the curing process and, therefore, in the ultimate properties of coatings. At a low (<20%) hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) crosslinker concentration, the matrix composition is uniform, but at high HMMM concentrations, excess HMMM rapidly segregates to the air–coating interface. The rate of migration is governed by the difference in the surface free energies of polyester and HMMM and the concentration gradient of HMMM between the bulk and the surface. An increased rate of energy absorption also increases the rate of migration of HMMM to the surface. A physical model has been proposed to explain this surface segregation phenomenon in terms of cocondensation and self‐condensation reactions. It suggests that an appropriate amount of melamine can be segregated on the surface and allowed to self‐condense to form a desired thickness of a melamine topcoat through the control of the binder composition and cure conditions. This technique can be implemented to apply a melamine topcoat during cure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 83–91, 2004 相似文献
1000.
Experiments employing photoreflectance spectroscopy have uncovered band bending due to electrically active defects at the Si(1 1 1)–SiO2 interface after sub-keV Ar+ ion bombardment. The band bending of about 0.5 eV resembles that for Si(1 0 0)–SiO2, and both interfaces exhibit two kinetic regimes for the evolution of band bending upon annealing due to defects healing. The healing takes place about an order of magnitude more quickly at the (1 1 1) interface, however, probably because of less fully saturated bonding and higher compressive stress. 相似文献