Zinc-assisted synthesis of imidazolium-tetrazolate bi-heterocyclic zwitterions with variable alkyl bridge length

Zinc halide-complexed alkyl-bridged bi-heterocycles were obtained as zwitterions from the Click reaction of a series of N-cyanoalkyl-N-alkylimidazolium halide ionic liquids with sodium azide. Reaction optimization showed fast reaction times and milder conditions compared to conventional Click syntheses from neutral nitriles.     

Poly(ether sulfone)s using a rigid dibenzothiophene dioxide heterocycle

Poly(aryl ether)s were prepared by nucleophilic aromatic substitution using conformationally restricted dichloro‐ and difluorodibenzothiophene dioxide heterocyclic monomers with bisphenol A or bisphenol AF. The heterocyclic monomers were prepared from the bis(4‐halophenyl) sulfones in two steps via lithiation followed by copper catalyzed intramolecular coupling and characterized by ¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy and GC/MS. Reactivity of the fluorine containing monomer was examined using semi‐empirical methods and NMR spectroscopy measurements and found to be potentially more reactive than bis(4‐fluorophenyl) sulfone, even with a conformationally locked sulfone as the electron withdrawing group. Successful polymerizations of both the fluorine and chlorine containing monomers with bisphenol A and bisphenol AF nucleophiles were accomplished, providing polymers with number average molecular weights of approximately 45 kg/mol (difluoro monomer) and 10–20 kg/mol (dichloro monomer). The polymers exhibited high T_gs ranging from 238 to 256 °C and displayed good thermal stability with 5% degradation temperatures in air from 453–510 °C, depending on molecular weight and bisphenol composition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 3127–3131     

Heteroleptic (N‐heterocyclic carbene)–Pd–pyrazole (indazole) complexes: Synthesis,characterization and catalytic activities towards C–C and C–N cross‐coupling reactions

Eight heteroleptic palladium complexes containing both N‐heterocyclic carbenes and NH‐heterocycle azoles (pyrazole and indazole) were synthesized and characterized, and their structures were unambiguously confirmed using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Further investigation of the complexes as catalysts in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction and Buchwald–Hartwig amination revealed good reactivities for aryl chlorides.     

A Convenient and Efficient Route to 1,4-Bis（heteroaryl）-buta-1,3-diene and 4-Heteroarylbut-1-en-3-yne from 1,4-Dichlorobut-2-yne

A convenient and practical route to functionalized conjugated 1,3-enynes and 1,3-dienes is described. 1,4-Bis（heteroaryl）- 1,3-diene and 1-heteroarylbut- 1-en-3-yne derivatives were prepared from 1,4-dichloro-2-butyne and corresponding N-heteroarenes such as imidazole, pyrrole, pyrazole and indole derivatives in the presence of bases in good to high yields.     

Highly Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroazepines and Benzo[b]oxepines through Palladium‐Catalyzed [4+3] Cycloaddition Reactions

A novel Pd⁰‐catalyzed asymmetric [4+3] annulation reaction of two readily accessible starting materials has been developed for building seven‐membered heterocyclic architectures. The potential [3+2] side pathway could be suppressed though fine tuning of the conditions. A broad scope of cycloaddition donors and acceptors participated in the transformation with excellent chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivtities, leading to valuable tetrahydroazepines and benzo[b]oxepines.     

Renaissance of Ring‐Opening Chemistry of Benzotriazoles: New Wine in an Old Bottle

1,2,3‐Benzotriazoles could undergo ring cleavage to form ortho‐amino arenediazonium or α‐diazo‐imine species via a Dimroth‐type equilibrium. Historically, the synthetic potential of this unique reactivity had remained underdeveloped. Recently, some new strategies have been developed to effect the ring‐opening chemistry of benzotriazoles in more practical manners. A wide range of conceptually novel and synthetically useful reactions have been developed, which enable the access to diverse valuable heterocycles and ortho‐amino arene derivatives. As one of the players in this field, our group has also contributed a series of intriguing transition‐metal‐catalyzed denitrogenative functionalizations of benzotriazoles. In this account, we aim to provide an overview of the ring‐opening chemistry of benzotriazoles, with a focus on relevant works published in the past decade. In order to show a whole picture of the research field, some pioneering works in its developing history will also be discussed briefly.     

SH-Methylation of SH-Containing Heterocycles with Dimethyl Carbonate via Phase-Transfer Catalytic Reaction

A reaction of SH-containing heterocycles with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in the presence of K₂CO₃ and tetrabutylammonium bromide (Bu₄NBr) gave heteroaryl methyl thioethers in 44–93% yields. The reaction was carried out under mild conditions. This method provided a useful synthetic method for preparation of various heteroaryl methyl thioethers without the use of toxic methylic halides or dimethyl sulfate.

Synthesis, thermal stabilities, and anisotropic properties of some new isoflavone-based esters 7-decanoyloxy-3-(4'-substitutedphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones

A series of new isoflavonic esters 7-decanoyloxy-3-(4'-substitutedphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones containing a heterocycle in their central core with one flexible alkyl chain and various substituents, R (where R = F, Cl, Br, CH₃, OCH₃, or H) at 4'-position at one end, have successfully been synthesised, isolated, and characterised. The physical properties of title compounds were studied using spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform infrared, ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance). The liquid crystalline properties and the textures of these compounds along with their thermal stabilities were investigated via polarising optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. All the compounds except the member without the substituent were enantiotropic mesogens exhibiting smectic A and/or nematic phases. The layer periodicities in relation to different phases were substantiated by X-ray diffraction wherein the molecules within the SmA phase were found to be intercalated. The structural changes that resulted in a variation of transition temperature as well as the electronic polarisability of the respective compounds are also discussed.     

Reaction of 3,5-Carbonyl-substituted 1,4-Dihydropyridines with Hydrazine Hydrate

The interaction of 3,5-carbonyl-substituted derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine and some analogs of it with hydrazine hydrate occurs with fission of the heterocycle. In the case of alkoxycarbonyl-substituted compounds a reverse Michael reaction predominates leading to fragmentation of the molecules.     

An efficient synthetic route to biologically relevant 2-phenylbenzothiazoles substituted on the benzothiazole ring

Certain 2-phenylbenzothiazoles containing substituents on the benzothiazole ring possess important biological properties, yet the majority of synthetic methods to 2-phenylbenzothiazoles described to date focus on their unsubstituted ring counterparts. Here we describe a new concise and efficient synthetic route to biologically relevant 2-phenylbenzothiazoles in high yield from the reaction of substituted 2-aminothiophenol disulfides and benzaldehydes, promoted by the inexpensive and non-toxic inorganic oxidant sodium metabisulfite in DMSO at 120 °C. Our new method is tolerant of a range of substituents on both the benzothiazole and phenyl ring, and affords efficient access to substituted 2-phenylbenzothiazoles without the need for column chromatography.