白菜汁中3种酰胺类除草剂候选标准样品的制备与定值方法研究

向浓缩白菜汁中添加乙草胺、丁草胺、甲草胺3种酰胺类除草剂的混和标准溶液,搅拌均匀并分装后对其进行均匀性检验,在-18℃冷冻保存下进行稳定性检验。经F检验结果表明,研制的候选标准样品均匀性良好;通过直线模型验证标准样品的稳定性,结果表明在冷冻保存条件下,标准样品中除草剂含量在半年内是稳定的。对研制的标准样品进行了定值,并对定值结果的不确定度进行了评定。     

粮谷中11种二硝基苯胺类除草剂残留量的气相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了粮谷中11种二硝基苯胺类除草剂残留量的气相色谱-串联质潜(GC-MS/MS)测定方法,样品经乙腈提取、QuEChERS法净化,采用GC-MS/MS在多反应监测模式下进行快速分析,外标法定量.在优化实验条件下,11种二硝基苯胺类除草剂的线性范围均为1.0～20.0μg/L,相关系数大于0.996,方法定量下限为5μ...     

Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of 2,4‐D Herbicide

2,4‐Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide is spectrophotometrically determined by diazotization method in a flow injection assembly. The method is based on base hydrolysis of herbicides. The hydrolyzed product 2,4‐dichlorophenol is reacted with diazotized sulfanilic acid. The absorbance of the resulting coloured product was measured at 480 nm. The calibration graph is linear over the range of 0.2–20 μgmL^?1, with a relative standard deviation of (RSD) of 7.2% and sample throughput of 90 samples h^?1. The % recovery for determination of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid was found to be 92.0–95.3%. The method is easy, simple and faster than the established chromatographic method. The method was applied for determination of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide in commercial formulations and for residue determination in fruits and food samples.     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定大豆中14种苯氧羧酸类除草剂

建立了气相色谱(GC)-质谱(MS)选择离子监测(SIM)法测定大豆中14种苯氧羧酸类除草剂多残留量检测方法。本研究对样品前处理进行了优化,样品经乙腈-酸化水(含10%浓硫酸)提取,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和阴离子交换柱净化和富集,三甲硅基重氮甲烷(TMS)甲酯化,采用GC-MS测定并确证,最后用外标法定量。3个样品添加水平分别为0.02、0.04和0.1 mg/kg,回收率在78.8%~94.3%之间,RSD<20%。线性、回收率和检出限均符合残留分析要求。     

固相萃取富集-高效液相色谱法分离检测水中3种苯脲除草剂

建立了固相萃取富集-高效液相色谱分析水中3种痕量苯脲除草剂——利谷隆、敌草隆、灭草隆的方法。C18固相萃取柱富集水中待测组分,高效液相色谱以Hypersil ODS柱为分析柱,优化出的色谱条件为：流动相为甲醇／水=60：40(V／V);流速为0．7mL／min;柱温为30℃。本法操作简便、灵敏、回收率高。     

高效液相色谱法和液相色谱-质谱法测定大豆中的磺酰脲类除草剂多残留量

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)法和液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)选择离子监测法同时检测大豆中10种磺酰脲类除草剂多残留量的方法。样品经乙腈提取、正己烷液-液分配、弗罗里硅土填充柱净化,然后采用RP-HPLC-DAD和HPLC-MS方法测定。对HPLC和LC-MS法的分离条件、样品前处理条件进行了优化。建立的方法简便、快速、灵敏,净化效果较好,线性、回收率、精密度和检出限均符合残留分析的要求,可同时满足进出口大豆中多种除草剂残留量同时检验的需要。     

Structure-activity relationships for a new family of sulfonylurea herbicides

Summary Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS; EC 2.2.1.6) catalyzes the first common step in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. The enzyme is inhibited by several chemical classes of compounds and this inhibition is the basis of action of the sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. The commercial sulfonylureas contain a pyrimidine or a triazine ring that is substituted at both meta positions, thus obeying the initial rules proposed by Levitt. Here we assess the activity of 69 monosubstituted sulfonylurea analogs and related compounds as inhibitors of pure recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana AHAS and show that disubstitution is not absolutely essential as exemplified by our novel herbicide, monosulfuron (2-nitro-N-(4′-methyl-pyrimidin−2′-yl) phenyl-sulfonylurea), which has a pyrimidine ring with a single meta substituent. A subset of these compounds was tested for herbicidal activity and it was shown that their effect in vivo correlates well with their potency in vitro as AHAS inhibitors. Three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationships were developed using comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis. For the latter, the best result was obtained when steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and H-bond acceptor factors were taken into consideration. The resulting fields were mapped on to the published crystal structure of the yeast enzyme and it was shown that the steric and hydrophobic fields are in good agreement with sulfonylurea-AHAS interaction geometry.     

草甘膦插层镁铝水滑石MgAl-LDH-gly的释放性能研究

采用成核/晶化隔离法将草甘膦(Glyphosate:gly)插层组装到镁铝水滑石层间,制得草甘膦插层镁铝水滑石(MgAl-LDH-gly).在水和碳酸钠溶液中考察了gly的释放性能,初步探讨了MgAl-LDH-gly在这两种溶液中的释放机理,认为其释放机理主要为离子交换,释放速率较大的初期符合一级动力学过程.用磷酸缓冲溶液考察环境pH值对MgAl-LDH-gly释放的影响,证明弱碱性(pH=7.6)和偏中性(pH=6.6)环境有利于其释放;探讨混合无机阴离子溶液中无机阴离子对MgAl-LDH-gly释放性能的影响,结果表明,MgAl-LDH-gly的释放速率及释出量在所考察范围内由溶液中无机阴离子的总浓度决定.     

丙酮酸脱氢酶系：除草剂品种的新靶标

丙酮酸脱氢酶系抑制剂;综述;丙酮酸脱氢酶系：除草剂品种的新靶标     

Differential pulse polarographic behaviour of thiazopyr herbicide and application to its determination in fruit juice and soil samples

A differential pulse polarographic method for the determination of the herbicide thiazopyr has been developed. The polarographic study of thiazopyr exhibited two well-defined cathodic peaks within the pH range of 1.0 to 8.0. The variation of pH and polarographic parameters indicated that the optimum conditions under which thiazopyr could be reduced were a pH 7.0 BR buffer solution, a reduction peak potential of ?1270 mV (vs. SCE), scan rate of 5 mV s^?1, pulse amplitude of 50 mV with pulse duration of 50 ms at an ambient temperature of 25 ± 3°C. The main reduction peak was characterised by cyclic voltammetry as being irreversible and diffusion-controlled. A linear relationship between the peak current and the concentration of thiazopyr was obtained in the range of 0.43–38.6 µg mL^?1, with a detection limit of 0.127 µg mL^?1. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of thiazopyr in spiked fruit juice and soil samples. The mean recoveries of the 19.8 µg g^?1 and 3.96 µg mL^?1 thiazopyr spiked to soil and orange juice were 20.2 ± 1.0 µg g^?1 and 3.84 ± 0.12 µg mL^?1, at 95% confidence level, respectively. The sufficiently good recoveries and low relative standard deviation (RSD) data confirm the high accuracy and precision of the proposed method. The interferences effects of several commonly used pesticides and inorganic species were also studied. Interfering effects were eliminated either by providing selectivity with pH, or using EDTA as complexing agent.