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141.
Tomoyuki MIYAZAKI Hiroki ABE Hiroyuki UCHIDA Takuya TAKAHASHI 《Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences》2021,97(1):1
Psychiatric and neurological disorders severely hamper patient’s quality of life. Despite their high unmet needs, the development of diagnostics and therapeutics has only made slow progress. This is due to limited evidence on the biological basis of these disorders in humans. Synapses are essential structural units of neurotransmission, and neuropsychiatric disorders are considered as “synapse diseases”. Thus, a translational approach with synaptic physiology is crucial to tackle these disorders. Among a variety of synapses, excitatory glutamatergic synapses play central roles in neuronal functions. The glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) is a principal component of glutamatergic neurotransmission; therefore, it is considered to be a promising translational target. Here, we review the limitations of current diagnostics and therapeutics of neuropsychiatric disorders and advocate the urgent need for the promotion of translational medicine based on the synaptic physiology of AMPAR. Furthermore, we introduce our recent translational approach to these disorders by targeting at AMPARs. 相似文献
142.
More than 60% commonly used pharmaceutical active ingredients are chiral compounds. Developing more effective and safe chiral compounds has become a focus in the pharmaceutical industry. Chiral compounds widely exist in traditional Chinese medicine and include alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oils, and amino acids. The characterization of chiral compounds used in traditional Chinese medicine remains limited. Here, the characterization of chiral compounds commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine is reviewed focusing upon their separation and pharmacology. 相似文献
143.
陈德荣 《广东微量元素科学》2010,17(1):57-66
通过对各种化学元素、化合物在人体中的作用与影响作出分析与总结,从现代科学的角度直观地解释了中医学中如阴虚、阳虚、正、邪、湿、热等的多个抽象概念和理论。为研究抽象而深奥难懂的中医学概念和理论提供了一个新的思路,使之转化为具体而直观的符合现代科学概念的理论。 相似文献
144.
Zheng Han Xuesong Liu Yiping Ren Lianjun Luan Yongjiang Wu 《Journal of separation science》2010,33(13):1923-1932
A speedy and selective ultra‐HPLC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol (3‐ADON), 15‐ADON, nivalenol and fusarenon X in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) was developed. The method was based on one‐step sample cleanup using reliable homemade cleanup cartridges. A linear gradient mobile‐phase system, consisting of water containing 0.2% aqueous ammonia and acetonitrile/methanol (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, and an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) were employed to obtain the best resolution of the target analytes. [13C15]–DON was used as the internal standard to accomplish as accurate as possible quantitation. The established method was further validated by determining the linearity (R2≥0.9990), sensitivity (LOQ, 0.29–0.99 μg/kg), recovery (88.5–119.5%) and precision (RSD≤15.8%). It was shown to be a suitable method for simultaneous determination of DON, 3‐ADON, 15‐ADON, nivalenol and fusarenon X in various TCM matrices. The utility and practical impact of the method was demonstrated using different TCM samples. 相似文献
145.
Zheng Han Yunliang Zheng Lianjun Luan Yiping Ren Yongjiang Wu 《Journal of chromatography. A》2010,1217(26):4365-4374
The paper reported a reliable analytical method for simultaneous determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) and ochratoxin B (OTB) in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The development of the method and investigations on the matrix influence were described in particular. The matrix effects were thereby minimized by using a reliable internal standard and a simple sample pretreatment. The established method was further validated by determining the linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9990), average recovery (86.3–114.2%), sensitivity (limit of quantitation 0.03–0.19 ng mL−1) and precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 13.1%). It was shown to be a suitable method for simultaneous determination of OTA and OTB in various TCMs. Finally, a total of 51 TCMs widely used in China were screened for OTA and OTB with the proposed method. The results showed that only 4 samples were contaminated with ochratoxins at low levels, indicating that it was low risk of ochratoxins to consumers who occasionally used TCMs. 相似文献
146.
Ying Liu Jian-Liang Zhou Peng Liu Shi SunPing Li 《Journal of chromatography. A》2010,1217(32):5239-5245
A strategy based on chemical markers’ fishing and knockout has been proposed for holistic activity and interaction evaluation of the bioactive components in herbal medicines (HMs). It was devised to screen bioactive-compound group that represents the efficacy of HM, estimate the bioactivity contribution of each component and elucidate the interactions of multi-components. This strategy was accomplished through the following steps: (1) screen out the chemical markers (target peaks) in a HM fingerprint using online two-dimensional turbulent flow chromatography/liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique, (2) fish target peaks and knockout any interested peak, and (3) evaluate the bioactivities of fishing and knockout portions. After comparison of the bioactivities of samples containing different target peaks, the efficacy of target-peak group, bioactivity contribution of each compound, and the interactions of multi-components are elucidated. Using Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Bulbs of Lycoris radiata (L. Herit.) Herb. (BLR) as the experimental materials, four target peaks were screened out as the AChE binders. By target peaks’ fishing and knockout, combined with activity evaluation, we observed that the bioactivity of the four-peak mixture is similar with the global bioactivity of BLR extract, and there are significant suppressive actions among these four target peaks. These results indicate that this proposed strategy is a useful approach for holistic screening of bioactive-compound group and elucidation of the multi-component interactions in HM. 相似文献
147.
Yong Mei Hu Guang Hai Su Stephen Cho‐Wing Sze Wencai Ye Yao Tong 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2010,24(4):438-453
A simple method based on liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS) was developed for the quality assessment of Cortex Phellodendri (CP), which was mainly derived from two species of Phellodendron chinense Schneid and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Total 41 compounds, including 14 phenols, 24 alkaloids and three liminoidal triterpenes were identified or tentatively characterized from the 75% methanol extract of CP samples by online ESI‐MSn fragmentation and UV spectra analysis. Among them, two phenols and six alkaloids were simultaneously quantified using HPLC‐DAD method. The validated HPLC‐DAD method showed a good linearity, precision, repeatability and accuracy for the quantification of eight marker compounds. Furthermore, the plausible fragmentation pathway of the representative compounds were proposed in the present study. The differences of the chemical constituents content and the comprehensive HPLC profiles between the two CP species using LC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS method are reported for the first time, indicating that the CP drugs from different resources should be used separately in the clinic. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
148.
Ausgehend von der im ersten Teil begründeten Notwendigkeit, die mit der Szintillationskamera Impulsverteilung korrigieren zu müssen, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Programmablanfplan für diese Korrekturrechnung mit Hilfe der elektronischen Datenverarbeitung (R 300) erläutert. Im gegenwärtigen Stadium der Entwicklung eines umfangreichen Konzepts zum Einsatz der EDV für die Szintigraphie – an der alle Nuklearmedizinischen Abteilungen der DDR beteiligt sind – erfolgt bei den Autoren die Ein- und ausgabe der Daten über Lochstreifen. Die Wirkung der Korrekturrechnung wird am homogenen Phantom selbst und an einer Pankreasunfersuchung demonstriert. 相似文献
149.
ZHAO Xiao-ping JIN Ye-cheng ZENG Xing ZHANG Bo-li ZHANG Yu-feng .Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P.R.China .College of Preclinical Medicine Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou .College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 《高等学校化学研究》2011,(4):562-565
In order to identify the potential nephrotoxic compounds in traditional Chinese medicine Lithospermum erythrorhizon,it was separated into serial fractions according to their polarities.An in vitro method was utilized to determine the nephrotoxicity of these fractions with the help of fluorescence image analysis.As a result,the primary fraction A05 and its secondary fractions C06 C09 and C12 C14 were found to have significant toxicity to LLC-PK1 cell line,as determined by the survive rate less than 20% after... 相似文献
150.
Sixteen chemical drugs, often found in adulterated Chinese medicine, were studied by high performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric ionization mass spectrometry. Under optimal conditions, three pairs of compounds were either coeluted or unresolved. The lack of chromatographic resolution and the lack of specificity in UV detection were overcome by a method based on high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry. This method was capable of detecting the adulterants based on their retention times, molecular ions, and characteristic fragments resulting from in‐source collision induced dissociation. 相似文献