Qualitative identification and quantitative comparison of Physochlainae Radix from different regions based on chemometric methods

Physochlainae Radix (PR) is an essential herbal medicine that has been generally applied for treating cough and asthma. In this study, a comprehensive strategy for quality evaluation of PR from different origins was established by integrating qualitative identification, quantitative analysis, and chemometric methods. A total of 58 chemical components were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), and a sensitive and rapid UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method was established for the simultaneous determination of 12 compounds. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis was applied for discriminant analysis to compare the differences among 30 batches of PR samples. The results showed that the 30 batches of PR collected from four provinces could be clustered into three categories, in which scoparone, protocatechuic acid, tropic acid, and scopolin were important components to distinguish the primary and non-primary producing areas, as well as superior and inferior products of PR. Chemometric results were consistent and validated each other, and systematically explained the intrinsic quality characteristics of PR. This study first demonstrated that LC-MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis, provided a comprehensive and effective means for quality evaluation of PR.     

神木半焦粉末萃取物的组成特征

依次用石油醚、CS₂、CH₂Cl₂、丙酮和甲醇在索氏萃取器中萃取了神木半焦粉末,得到了五级萃取物(E_1-5)和最终的萃余物,总萃取率为1.76%。分别用气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)、大气压固体探针/飞行时间质谱仪(ASAP/TOF-MS)和电喷雾电离/飞行时间质谱仪(ESI/TOF-MS)分析了各级萃取物。用GC/MS分析的结果表明,在E₁中C_15-24的直链烷烃和E₂中3与4环的芳烃比较丰富,在E_3-5中含杂原子有机化合物较丰富,特别是E₄和E₅中含氧有机化合物的含量最高。与用GC/MS分析的结果相比,用ASAP/TOF-MS和ESI/TOF-MS从E_3-5中检测出更多的含杂原子有机化合物。     

Preparation and application of magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for the selective extraction of osthole in Libanotis Buchtomensis herbal extract

In this work, novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared for the selective extraction of osthole from Libanotis Buchtomensis herbal extract. During the synthesis process, double bonds grafted on the surface of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles could not only drive the temple molecules to locate onto the surface of vinyl‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles by π–π conjugation, which makes the distribution of binding sites ordered, but also direct the occurrence of imprinting polymerization at the surface of magnetic nanoparticles by the copolymerization of vinyl terminal groups with functional monomers and cross‐linking agent. The characteristics of the resulting polymers were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, selectivity, reproducibility, and reusability were discussed, which suggest that the obtained nanomaterials possess rapid binding kinetics, high adsorption capacity of 17.65 mg/g, and favorable selectivity for the target molecule. Satisfactory reproducibility and reusability were verified as well. Meanwhile, the resultant imprinted nanoparticles were successfully applied to selectively separate osthole from the herbal extract, which show great potential in extracting active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine.     

江西马兜铃科植物的研究

本文报导了江西马兜铃科植物的地理分布及其中草药的药用价值     

中药材中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的毛细管气相色谱测定方法

首次建立了中药材中氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯的提取、净化及其毛细管气相色谱测定法。运用混合溶剂提取,填有Ｆｌｏｒｉｓｉｌ和氧化铝的层析柱净化。样品中氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯的添加回收率分别为９４．３０％～９９．３４％,９５．１７％～１０１．５５％和８９．１２％～１００．９７％;ＲＳＤ分别为４．０２％～８．２２％,１．９０％～８．０４％和３．７５％～５．０９％。结果表明,被测样品中除白芍外均含有氰戊菊酯,个别样品中含溴氰菊酯。实验表明,该法具有灵敏度高、选择性强、操作简便、净化效果好、适用性广等特点     

“Alternative medical therapy” use among singers: Prevalence and implications for the medical care of the singer

Singers are extremely conscious of health problems that affect their voices and well-being and often take an active role in seeking care for these problems. They frequently seek treatment from providers or with modalities considered “alternative” to traditional medical care. A survey of singers was completed to elucidate their attitudes and practices regarding “alternative modalities” of medical care. Frequently singers will self-medicate or take advice from people not well versed in the special needs of a professional voice user. They will fail to share this information with the physician when seeking “traditional” medical care. These practices may predispose the singer to suboptimal or even dangerous care. These results are discussed, as well as the implications for the medical physician treating the singer. The possible detrimental pharmacologic effects of “natural therapies” widely used by singers are presented, with special attention to the particular concerns for the professional singer     

百菌清残留检测及其与中药相互作用荧光光谱研究

固定激发波长320 nm,对不同浓度百菌清药液进行荧光光谱实验,发现在352和366 nm处有明显特征峰,随着药液浓度降低,366 nm肩峰逐渐消失,而352 nm特征峰保持稳定;对百菌清浓度和所得发射光谱荧光强度(352 nm)进行指数函数回归分析,相关系数为0.999,实验结果与荧光强度-浓度理论计算公式相符合;对低浓度药液浓度和荧光强度进行线性拟合,其百菌清残留预测模型函数相关系数为0.995,最低检出限为0.018 8 μg·mL-1,定量极限值为0.062 7 μg·mL-1,线性范围为0.062 7～28.45 μg·mL-1。通过对中药材黄芪和枸杞与百菌清混合体系的荧光光谱进行研究,发现两种中药材对百菌清荧光强度都有较强的衰减,表明它们都和百菌清发生了相互作用。经过分析计算,黄芪和枸杞的衰减率分别为88.5%和99.7%,对其建立强度衰减模型函数,相关系数分别为0.994和0.997。研究结果为利用荧光光谱检测百菌清残留提供了实验依据,表明可以采用荧光光谱方法直接对百菌清农药残留进行检测,相关参数值满足检测要求标准,这为进一步利用荧光光谱检测该农药在果蔬中的残留具有重要的参考价值。同时发现药食同源类中药材枸杞和黄芪都能对百菌清荧光特征峰强度产生显著衰减,这为研究利用药食同源类中药材降解农药残留提供了新的研究思路。     

基于紫外及荧光光谱方法的中药抗氧化应激作用研究

糖尿病引起患者全身多部位发生慢性并发症,严重危害患者的生命安全,成为其致死致残的主要原因。糖尿病患者体内的高血糖环境引发的组织内氧化应激反应增加是糖尿病并发症的重要发病机制之一,而蛋白非酶糖基化反应和脂质过氧化反应过程与氧化应激密切相关。从糖尿病并发症的发病机理出发,以氧化应激为基点,运用光谱法对17种中药提取物抗氧化应激反应的活性进行综合考察。利用大鼠肝脏体外脂质自氧化反应结合紫外光谱法对中药提取物抑制脂质过氧化反应的能力进行评价,中药黄芩和槐米具有较强的抑制活性,富含黄酮类、生物碱类及木脂素类提取物表现出较好的脂质过氧化反应抑制作用,而皂苷类成分的活性相对较弱。以牛血清白蛋白/葡萄糖(果糖)体系为糖基化筛选模型,利用荧光光谱法对体外避光孵育反应体系进行研究,中药槐米、黄芩和知母表现出了较强的非酶糖基化反应抑制能力。由17种中药提取物抗氧化应激反应的结果分析,富含黄酮类成分中药的抗氧化应激作用强于生物碱类、木脂素类和萜类的,皂苷类中药的活性相对较弱;而体外综合活性较好的中药槐米和黄芩可作为下一步研究的主要对象。本研究为进一步的药理活性研究提供了一定的理论指导,为开发防治糖尿病并发症的中药新药奠定基础。     

净分析信号算法用于近红外模型优化的研究

将净分析信号概念引入多元复杂的银杏叶提取物分析中,利用净分析信号算法对近红外光谱图进行处理,并用净分析算法结合二维相关光谱算法对模型进行了优化,最终建立槲皮素、山柰素和异鼠李素三种组分同时测定的近红外定量模型。利用两种净分析信号算法(Lorber的NAS算法和Goicoechea 与 Olivieri的HLA/GO算法)作为光谱预处理方法,用一系列主因子重构后的光谱图建立校正模型,并通过净分析信号-二维相关光谱算法对图谱中主对角线处的波段进行选择,优化模型建立所采用的波段。所采用的两种基于净分析信号的预处理方法成功的应用于银杏叶中三种黄酮：槲皮素,山奈素和异鼠李素含量的同时测定。净分析信号预处理方法显著降低了建模所需主因子数,提高模型的稳健性。净分析信号-二维相关光谱算法能够优化建模波段,提高模型的预测能力。结论：净分析信号算法能够应用于近红外光谱模型预处理和优化过程,在复杂多组分且干扰未知植物药含量分析的研究中具有实际应用价值。