中药方剂煎煮液中ICP—AES法同时测定16个元素

本文提出了用硝酸－过氧化氢对中药方剂煎煮液进行处理，ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法对煎煮液中Ｌｉ，Ｎａ，Ｂｅ，Ｃａ，Ｓｒ，Ｂａ，Ｍｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｚｎ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｄ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｒ，Ｖ１６个元素进行同时测定的方法，该方法简单，快速，准确度高，所测元素的加标回收率均在８５～１０３％之间，样品分析结果满意。     

Chromatographic analysis of allergens

Summary Extracts of insect, mite, fungal and mammalian origin, known to provoke an allergic response in man, have been examined and fractionated by high-performance size exclusion chromatography. The mild conditions employed for separation have permitted direct immunological assessment of the fractions obtained, and recognition of the biologically important components. These are being isolated for further study. This chromatographic procedure has proved to be of value for assessing different extracts from the same source material as potential reference preparations. It can also be employed as a sensitive method for identification of extracts derived from a variety of sources.Presented at the 14th International Symposium on Chromatography London, September, 1982     

Bioactive Agent Discovery from the Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Rat Model

Diabetes mellitus is a well-known chronic metabolic disease that poses a long-term threat to human health and is characterized by a relative or absolute lack of insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) typically affects many metabolic pathways, resulting in β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, abnormal blood glucose levels, inflammatory processes, excessive oxidative reactions, and impaired lipid metabolism. It also leads to diabetes-related complications in many organ systems. Antidiabetic drugs have been approved for the treatment of hyperglycemia in T2DM; these are beneficial for glucose metabolism and promote weight loss, but have the risk of side effects, such as nausea or an upset stomach. A wide range of active components, derived from medicinal plants, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenol, quinones, and terpenoids may act as alternative sources of antidiabetic agents. They are usually attributed to improvements in pancreatic function by increasing insulin secretions or by reducing the intestinal absorption of glucose. Ease of availability, low cost, least undesirable side effects, and powerful pharmacological actions make plant-based preparations the key player of all available treatments. Based on the study of therapeutic reagents in the pathogenesis of humans, we use the appropriate animal models of T2DM to evaluate medicinal plant treatments. Many of the rat models have characteristics similar to those in humans and have the advantages of ease of genetic manipulation, a short breeding span, and access to physiological and invasive testing. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological status of T2DM rat models and focus on several bioactive compounds from herbal medicine with different functional groups that exhibit therapeutic potential in the T2DM rat models, in turn, may guide future approach in treating diabetes with natural drugs.     

Toxicity and Anticancer Potential of Karwinskia: A Review

Karwinskia genus consists of shrubs and small trees. Four toxic compounds have been isolated from Karwinskia plants, which were typified as dimeric anthracenones and named T496, T514, T516, and T544. Moreover, several related compounds have been isolated and characterized. Here we review the toxicity of the fruit of Karwinskia plants when ingested (accidentally or experimentally), as well as the toxicity of its isolated compounds. Additionally, we analyze the probable antineoplastic effect of T514. Toxins cause damage mainly to nervous system, liver, lung, and kidney. The pathophysiological mechanism has not been fully understood but includes metabolic and structural alterations that can lead cells to apoptosis or necrosis. T514 has shown selective toxicity in vitro against human cancer cells. T514 causes selective and irreversible damage to peroxisomes; for this reason, it was renamed peroxisomicine A1 (PA1). Since a significant number of malignant cell types contain fewer peroxisomes than normal cells, tumor cells would be more easily destroyed by PA1 than healthy cells. Inhibition of topoisomerase II has also been suggested to play a role in the effect of PA1 on malignant cells. More research is needed, but the evidence obtained so far indicates that PA1 could be an effective anticancer agent.     

A rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of a biologically active molecule camboginol in the extract of Garcinia cambogia

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of camboginol in the extract of fruit rinds of Garcinia cambogia has been developed. Separation was achieved isocratically on an RP C(18) column using a solvent system consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile-water (9:1) and methanol-acetic acid (99.5:0.5) in the ratio of 30:70 as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was developed for quantification of camboginol in the fruit rinds extract of G. cambogia using MRM transitions of m/z 601.4 --> m/z 176.7 and m/z 601.4 --> m/z 448.9, respectively. The calibration curve based on peak area against concentration was linear up to 50 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL. The method showed satisfactory reproducibility with a coefficient of variation of less than 6%. The method was successfully applied for quantification of camboginol in different Garcinia extracts.     

137Cs and 40K in some traditional herbal teas collected in the mountain regions of Serbia

Herbal teas are an important part of traditional medicine in Serbia. The objective of the present study was to determine the activity concentrations of ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs in herbal tea, using the gamma spectroscopy method. The samples were collected during the period 2011–2012 in three mountain regions in Western and Central Serbia. The activity concentrations of ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs were found to be in the range of 130–1160 and 0.7–124 Bq kg^?1, respectively. The average annual effective dose equivalents from ingestion of ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs for an adult person consuming one cup of herbal tea daily were found to be 588.4–5250.2 nSv for ⁴⁰K and 4.0–706.1 nSv for ¹³⁷Cs. Our investigation showed that the herbal teas originating from Maljen, Zlatibor and Tara mountains are radiologically safe for human consumption.     

Similarity analyses of chromatographic herbal fingerprints: A review

Herbal medicines are becoming again more popular in the developed countries because being “natural” and people thus often assume that they are inherently safe. Herbs have also been used worldwide for many centuries in the traditional medicines. The concern of their safety and efficacy has grown since increasing western interest. Herbal materials and their extracts are very complex, often including hundreds of compounds. A thorough understanding of their chemical composition is essential for conducting a safety risk assessment. However, herbal material can show considerable variability. The chemical constituents and their amounts in a herb can be different, due to growing conditions, such as climate and soil, the drying process, the harvest season, etc. Among the analytical methods, chromatographic fingerprinting has been recommended as a potential and reliable methodology for the identification and quality control of herbal medicines. Identification is needed to avoid fraud and adulteration. Currently, analyzing chromatographic herbal fingerprint data sets has become one of the most applied tools in quality assessment of herbal materials. Mostly, the entire chromatographic profiles are used to identify or to evaluate the quality of the herbs investigated. Occasionally only a limited number of compounds are considered. One approach to the safety risk assessment is to determine whether the herbal material is substantially equivalent to that which is either readily consumed in the diet, has a history of application or has earlier been commercialized i.e. to what is considered as reference material. In order to help determining substantial equivalence using fingerprint approaches, a quantitative measurement of similarity is required. In this paper, different (dis)similarity approaches, such as (dis)similarity metrics or exploratory analysis approaches applied on herbal medicinal fingerprints, are discussed and illustrated with several case studies.     

A Brief Overview of Potential Treatments for Viral Diseases Using Natural Plant Compounds: The Case of SARS-Cov

The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the more general global increase in viral diseases, has led researchers to look to the plant kingdom as a potential source for antiviral compounds. Since ancient times, herbal medicines have been extensively applied in the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases in different traditional systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential antiviral activity of plant compounds as effective and reliable agents against viral infections, especially by viruses from the coronavirus group. Various antiviral mechanisms shown by crude plant extracts and plant-derived bioactive compounds are discussed. The understanding of the action mechanisms of complex plant extract and isolated plant-derived compounds will help pave the way towards the combat of this life-threatening disease. Further, molecular docking studies, in silico analyses of extracted compounds, and future prospects are included. The in vitro production of antiviral chemical compounds from plants using molecular pharming is also considered. Notably, hairy root cultures represent a promising and sustainable way to obtain a range of biologically active compounds that may be applied in the development of novel antiviral agents.     

高效液相色谱测定石榴皮水提取物中4种多酚化合物的含量

建立了石榴皮水提取物中没食子酸、安石榴甙A、安石榴甙B和鞣花酸4种多酚化合物的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法.样品经前处理并过滤后,采用HPLC检测,外标法定量.在最佳分析条件下,上述4种多酚化合物的线性范围分别为7.48 ～ 149.50、15.36～153.55、27.65 ～276.45、7.13 ～ 114....     

计算机技术在中药饮片斗谱编排的应用

介绍了医院药剂科计算机管理系统技术在中药饮片斗谱编排的应用。通过该系统提供的中药饮片使用频率排序的数据,对中药饮片斗谱进行编排。结果表明,通过计算机技术编排中药饮片斗谱,大大减轻了调配人员的劳动强度,从而提高了工作效率。利用计算机技术编排中药饮片斗谱更科学、方便、快捷。