Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α Induces Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells

Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) is the rate-limiting enzyme in releasing arachidonic acid and biosynthesis of its derivative eicosanoids. Thus, the catalytic activity of cPLA2α plays an important role in cellular metabolism in healthy as well as cancer cells. There is mounting evidence suggesting that cPLA2α is an interesting target for cancer treatment; however, it is unclear which cancers are most relevant for further investigation. Here we report the relative expression of cPLA2α in a variety of cancers and cancer cell lines using publicly available datasets. The profiling of a panel of cancer cell lines representing different tissue origins suggests that hematological malignancies are particularly sensitive to the growth inhibitory effect of cPLA2α inhibition. Several hematological cancers and cancer cell lines overexpressed cPLA2α, including multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematological cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow with an emerging requirement of therapeutic approaches. We show here that two cPLA2α inhibitors AVX420 and AVX002, significantly and dose-dependently reduced the viability of multiple myeloma cells and induced apoptosis in vitro. Our findings implicate cPLA2α activity in the survival of multiple myeloma cells and support further studies into cPLA2α as a potential target for treating hematological cancers, including multiple myeloma.     

聚乳酸/凹凸棒土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用熔融复合方法制备了不同填料质量分数的聚乳酸/纳米凹凸棒土复合材料,纳米凹凸棒土的加入可以显著提高聚乳酸纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率.扫描电镜结果表明,凹凸棒土粒子在复合材料中实现了均匀分散.DSC曲线在降温过程中出现明显结晶峰,说明纳米凹凸棒土对聚乳酸有一定的成核作用.当纳米凹凸棒填料含量>8%时,在聚合物基体中可形成完善的网络状结构.填料粒子作为体系中的物理缠结点使得复合材料熔体的应力松弛时间延长.红外谱图显示纳米凹凸棒土和聚乳酸分子间存在较强的相互作用.我们推测,纳米凹凸棒土的加入减少了PLA基体层的厚度,使其由三维应力转变为二维应变状态,导致最大切应力可以达到剪切屈服强度,产生剪切滑移形变带,使得呈现出韧性材料性质,有效提高了材料的断裂伸长率.     

聚乳酸/矿物填料复合材料的示差扫描量热研究

通过熔融共混法制备了一系列聚乳酸(PLA)/矿物填料复合材料.采用示差扫描量热(DSC)研究了含有碳酸钙(CaCO3)、蒙脱土(MMT)和凹凸棒土(AT)的聚乳酸复合材料在不同热历程中的结晶和熔融行为.研究发现,MMT和AT对PLA的慢速降温结晶无明显影响,而碳酸钙在慢速降温过程中能够有效促进PLA结晶;在2.5 K/min的降温速率下,结晶热焓随碳酸钙含量增加而增加;填料种类和含量会对复合材料升温过程的冷结晶和熔融产生较大影响,低含量矿物填料主要对PLA的冷结晶起成核作用,其中MMT成核效果最好.较高含量下不同填料会对PLA晶体形态产生影响,从而得到多样的DSC曲线变化.     

Fire retardancy behavior of PLA based nanocomposites

To understand and improve the fire retardancy behavior of polylactic acid, we have incorporated two structurally different additives, sepiolite and organically modified montmorillonite. A novel approach (combination of electrospinning and extrusion/injection molding) is employed to address critical issues like char enhancement as well as the homogeneity/uniformity of the inorganic barrier during combustion of polymer nanocomposites. Fundamental knowledge is gained on the mechanisms of fire retardancy, particularly with samples of different thicknesses (thermally thin versus thermally intermediate/thick). Volumetric imaging of the residues provided a deeper understanding of the formation or the evolution of the inorganic barrier. Considerable insight on the dependency of biodegradation on the environment (primarily) and on the compromising effect of high aspect ratio nanoparticles is also obtained. This knowledge has a broader scientific impact and is critical to design the new generation of eco-benign flame retardant and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites.     

聚乳酸组织工程支架材料

综述了生物活性因子固定化的聚乳酸-聚氨基酸衍生物共聚物和通过亲-疏水性设计的众多聚乳酸-聚氧化乙烯（PLA-PEO）共聚物的研究进展。展现了其在组织工程材料,药物控释体系和其他生物医用材料中的广泛应用前景。     

生物降解高分子——聚己内酯/聚氧乙烯/聚丙交酯三元共聚物水解行为的研究

以异辛酸亚锡为催化剂 ,通过聚乙二醇醚 (PEG)引发ε 己内酯和L 丙交酯开环聚合 ,制备了PCL/PEO/PLA三元共聚物 .研究了聚合物在 pH7 4磷酸缓冲溶液、37℃条件下的体外降解行为 .采用GPC、1H NMR、DSC和XRD技术研究了聚合物在水解降解过程中分子量、分子量分布、组成、吸水率、结晶性等的变化 .结果表明共聚物的吸水率随聚醚组分含量而增大 ;随水解材料的失重率增大 ,聚醚组分含量下降程度也加大 .此外研究还表明 :聚合物中丙交酯组分含量高时 ,聚合物的结晶结构主要由PLLA形成 .由于聚合物的水解降解首先发生在无定形区和结晶区边缘 ,随着共聚物的降解、结晶性的PLLA低聚物的生成 ,导致了共聚物的分子量呈双峰分布     

Sorption and Swelling of Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) in Supercritical CO2

Summary: The equilibrium sorption and swelling behavior in supercritical CO₂ of poly(D,L-lactic acid) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) has been studied at a temperature of 35 °C and at pressures up to 200 bar. Sorption was measured through a gravimetric technique and swelling by visualization. From these data, the behavior of the different polymers can be compared. In terms of partial molar volume of CO₂ in the polymer matrix, all the polymers exhibit a behavior typical of rubbery systems. The experimental results have been modeled using the Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state, which is able to represent the actual behavior of the polymer-CO₂ systems with reasonable accuracy.     

脂肪族聚碳酸酯(PPC)与聚乳酸(PLA)共混型生物降解材料的热学性能、力学性能和生物降解性研究

通过溶液浇铸法制备了脂肪族聚碳酸酯与聚乳酸的共混物(PPC/PLA).采用示差热分析(DSC)和热重分析(TG)研究了材料的热性能.采用拉伸力学试验研究了共混物的力学性能.通过土壤悬浊拟环境培养降解实验法和扫描电子显微镜分析(SEM)对共混材料的生物降解性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,随着PPC含量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度和杨氏模量降低,而生物降解速率却显著提高.但是,在一定的降解时间内,某些比例共混物的降解速率比100%PPC还要快.综合分析表明,PPC/PLA是力学性能和降解性能可以互补的共混体系.     

微生物合成的β-羟基丁酸酯与β-羟基已酸酯共聚物/聚乳酸共混材料(PHBHHx/PLA)的力学性能与生物降解性研究

通过熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸/微生物产β-羟基丁酸酯与β-羟基己酸共聚物的共混物(PLA/PHBHHx).采用拉伸力学试验研究了共混物的力学性能.通过土壤悬浊培养降解法和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析对共混材料的生物降解性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,随着PHBHHx含量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度和杨氏模量降低,而生物降解速率却显著提高.但是,在175h之前,重量组成比为20/80的共混物降解速率比纯PHBHHx还要快.综合分析表明,共混材料PLA/PHBHHx的重量比为20/80时,具有优良的力学性能和生物降解性.     

聚乳酸载药微球制备及释药性能研究最新进展

对可生物降解材料聚乳酸作为药物载体制备微球制剂的研究状况进行了综述。针对目前限制聚乳酸微球制剂临床应用存在的问题,重点介绍了降低药物突释,提高药物包封率,改善多肽和蛋白药物微球释药性能等方面研究的最新进展。聚乳酸载药微球在药物传输中有着广阔的研究和应用前景。