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991.
Kai Zhang Xuefen Wang Yin Yang Lili Wang Meifang Zhu Benjamin S. Hsiao Benjamin Chu 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2010,48(10):1118-1125
In this work, aligned and molecularly oriented bone‐like PLLA semihollow fiber yarns were manufactured continuously from an optimized homogeneous polymer‐solvent‐nonsolvent system [PLLA, CH2Cl2, and dimethyl formamide (DMF)] by a single capillary electrospinning via self‐bundling technique. Here, it should be emphasized that the self‐bundling electrospinning technique, a very facile electrospinning technique with a grounded needle (which is to induce the self‐bundling of polymer nanofibers at the beginning of electrospinning process), is used for the alignment and molecular orientation of the polymer fiber, and the take‐up speed of the rotating drum for the electrospun fiber yarn collection is very low (0.5 m/s). PLLA can be dissolved in DMF and CH2Cl2 mixed solvent with different ratios. By varying the ratios of mixed solvent system, PLLA electrospun semihollow fiber with the porous inner structure and compact shell wall could be formed, the thickness of the shell and the size of inner pores could be adjusted. The results of polarized FTIR and wide angle X‐ray diffraction investigations verified that as‐prepared PLLA semihollow fiber yarns were well‐aligned and molecularly oriented. Both the formation mechanism of semihollow fibers with core‐shell structure and the orientation mechanism of polymer chains within the polymer fibers were all discussed. The as‐prepared self‐bundling electrospun PLLA fiber yarns possessed enhanced mechanical performance compared with the corresponding conventional electrospun PLLA fibrous nonwoven membranes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1118–1125, 2010 相似文献
992.
Ali Sarafraz‐Yazdi Gholamhossein Rounaghi Iman Razavipanah Hossein Vatani Amirhassan Amiri 《Journal of separation science》2014,37(18):2605-2612
For the first time, a polypyrrole–carbon nanotubes–silicon dioxide composite film coated on a steel wire was prepared by an electrochemical method. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that this composite film was even and porous. The prepared fiber was used as an absorbent for the headspace solid‐phase microextraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o‐xylene, followed by gas chromatographic analysis. This method presented an excellent performance, which was much better than that of a polypyrrole–carbon nanotube fiber. It was found that under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges were 0.01–200 ng/mL with correlation coefficients >0.9953, the detection limits were 0.005–0.020 ng/mL, the relative standard deviations were 3.9–6.4% for five successive measurements with a single fiber, and the reproducibility was 5.5–8.5% (n = 3). Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to real water samples, and the relative recoveries obtained for the spiked water samples were from 91.0 to 106.7%. 相似文献
993.
A new method of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) prior to electrothermal vaporization (ETV) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) determination of trace Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Hg, Pb and Bi, based on gaseous compounds introduction into the plasma as their diethyldithiocarbmate (DDTC) chelates, was developed. The use of the reagent DDTC as chemical modifier could not only enhance the analytical signals, but also decrease the vaporization temperature. At a temperature of 1300 degrees C, trace Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Hg, Pb and Bi can be vaporized completely into the ICP. The factors affecting the formation of the chelates and their vaporization behaviors were investigated in detail, and the microextraction conditions were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of the proposed method were 12.4, 28.7, 7.9, 4.5, 3.3, 4.8 and 1.6 pg ml(-1) for Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Hg, Pb and Bi, respectively. Enrichment factors of 305, 284, 24, 29, 20, 73 and 43 could be achieved within 15 min of extraction time, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the seven determinations of 0.5 ng ml(-1) of target analytes were 8.8, 6.9, 7.1, 9.4, 10.2, 6.1 and 10.8%, respectively. The newly developed method has been applied to the determination of trace Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Hg, Pb and Bi in environmental water and human serum samples, and the recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 88-116%. In order to validate this method, two certified reference materials, GBW08501 peach leaves and GBW(E)080040 seawater, were analyzed, and the determined values were in good agreement with the certified values. 相似文献
994.
Szabolcs Matkó Sándor Keszei István Csontos Péter Anna György Marosi Miklós Zsuga Jenő Borda Gábor Nagy 《Macromolecular Symposia》2006,233(1):217-224
In this work we aimed at forming partially recycled polymer composites of appropriate mechanical properties and flame retardancy. Multilayer composite structures proved to be suitable to fulfill all of these requirements. Core-shell structures presented here contain two-component thermosets, i.e. epoxy, recycled polyurethane and polyisocyanurate, as matrices reinforced with waste fillers such as short basalt fibers and wood chips. Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the core-shell structures were investigated by the conventional methods of characterization. The developed cost-effective multilayer composites can be applied as heat and sound insulating panels e.g. multifunctional sheets for construction or automotive industry. 相似文献
995.
László M. Vas 《Macromolecular Symposia》2006,239(1):159-175
Some textiles such as slivers, rovings, yarns, and highly oriented polymer fibers as well as the reinforcing structure of unidirectional composites have a kind of unidirectional or quasi-unidirectional fibrous structures. The statistical properties of their structure and strength can be modeled by using idealized fiber bundles as model elements. In this study the tensile test process of unidirectional short fiber structures is modeled for different damage types using the instantaneous fracture model and special idealized fiber bundles for gradual damages such as fiber breakage and fiber slippage. Constant fiber length and exponential fiber length distribution as extreme cases of the Erlang distributions were used for analysis. In case of exponential fiber length distribution and constant fiber breaking strain simple analytical relationships between the mean tensile strength and the fiber length were derived and compared to those for constant fiber length and written in a general form which is valid for all the damage modes discussed. The convex linear combination of the solutions for exponential fiber length distribution and constant fiber length was proposed to use for cases when the variation coefficient of the fiber length is between 0 and 1. The practical applicability of the results was demonstrated by identifying the relationship between the mean tensile strength and the average molecule mass of polypropylene fibers that made it possible to estimate the critical molecule mass and the tensile strength of the molecules without further measurements. 相似文献
996.
Zoltán Gombos Veronika Nagy Eva Koštáková László Mihály Vas 《Macromolecular Symposia》2006,239(1):227-231
997.
Titania thin film was deposited successfully on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber by the sol‐gel process with the assistance of tetraethyl silicate (TEOS) at low temperature. It was found that the densification and crystallization of the film was a result of the post‐treatment in boiling water because of the hydrolysis of the Si‐O‐Ti bonds and dissolution of the silica component formed in the film. XRD patterns revealed the existence of anatase phase in the continuous titania layer. The product, titania coated polyacrylonitrile fiber (TiO2/PAN), showed a high photocatalytic property and good repetition on the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). The proposed method is expected to be used for the preparation of novel photo‐catalysts based on thermally sensitive substrates. 相似文献
998.
超快激光器凭借其脉宽窄、光谱宽、峰值功率高等特点,在工业、医疗、科研等许多领域有着重要应用。通过在“9”字腔内进行色散补偿,激光器可以同时实现宽光谱输出与自启动锁模,当泵浦功率为160 mW时,光谱中连续光成分消失,两输出口的光谱半高全宽为22.6 nm和26.2 nm,压缩后脉冲宽度达到143 fs和128 fs。在自由运转情况下,1 h内输出激光的平均功率均方根值（root mean square, RMS）为0.1%。所设计的激光器具有光谱宽、集成度高、稳定性强的优点,能够满足微纳加工、生物光学、光谱探测等领域对超快激光的应用需求。
相似文献999.
医用纤维内窥镜已应用于各种医疗领域,其综合镜体光效的水平会影响所接收到图像的质量,从而导致医护人员无法准确判断病灶情况。为快速有效评价纤维内窥镜在临床使用下的综合镜体光效,提出一种基于图像处理的自动检测方法。通过内窥镜光源照射高反射率标准白板,对CCD相机采集到的内窥镜图像进行图像处理,提取90%视场处和视场中心的灰度值的比值作为边缘各点综合镜体光效,并进一步计算出内窥镜总体综合镜体光效。根据设计方法对2支纤维内窥镜进行了10组重复实验,并与生产商标称值进行对比分析,同时计算不确定度以及分析误差来源,验证了所设计方法的可行性。
相似文献1000.
为优化宽谱光源谐振式光纤陀螺(RFOG)谐振腔设计,进行了RFOG谐振特性分析.首先,根据光场传输理论完成了宽谱RFOG光场传输特性分析,建立了宽谱RFOG谐振频差曲线模型,给出了谐振特性参数表达式.理论证明了宽谱 RFOG的陀螺精细度和半高全宽约为谐振腔光谱曲线的 1/2和 2倍.其次,基于宽谱RFOG光场理论模型,分析了耦合器交叉耦合系数、附加损耗和谐振腔腔长等谐振腔关键光学参数对陀螺精细度和极限灵敏度的影响.最后,实验验证了谐振特性理论分析的正确性,并通过优化谐振腔参数实现陀螺零偏不稳定性 0.059 º/h,对谐振式光纤陀螺工程设计具有理论指导意义. 相似文献