Blue metal complex pigments involved in blue flower color

The blue pigment of cornflower, protocyanin, has been investigated for a long time, but its precise structure was not entirely explained until recently. The molecular structure of the pigment was recently shown to be a metal complex of six molecules each of anthocyanin and flavone glycoside, with one ferric iron, one magnesium and two calcium ions by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The studies provided the answer to the question posed in the early part of the last century, “why is the cornflower blue and rose red when both flowers contain the same anthocyanin?” This work was achieved on the basis of the results of long years of the studies made by many researchers. In this review, the author focuses on the investigations of the blue metal complex pigments involved in the bluing of flowers, commelinin from Commelina commusis, protocyanin from Centaurea cyanus, protodelphin from Salvia patens and hydrangea blue pigment.     

Oxide/polymer nanocomposites as new luminescent materials

It is demonstrated that nanocomposites, consisting of an electrically insulating oxide core and PMMA coating exhibit strong luminescence. This luminescence is connected to the interface, where PMMA is bond via a carboxylate bonding to the surface. In this case, luminescence is originated at the carbonyl group of the coating polymer. With decreasing particle size, this emission shows a blue shift, following a law inversely the ones found for quantum confinement systems. For semi-conducting oxides, such as ZnO, this interface related emission is found additionally to quantum confinement phenomena.     

Low‐wavelength emission of Nd‐doped lasers

This paper gives an overview of the results obtained with diode‐pumped Neodymium‐doped crystals operating below 900 nm. Operation at such low wavelengths requires considering the strong thermal population of the lower level of the laser transition. Based on a theoretical study and simulations, the paper presents the challenges related to the design of these three‐level lasers. Experimental results are given with Nd:YAG and Nd:vanadate crystals. It is explained how to deal with the line competition with emission at 946 nm or 912 nm. Finally, intracavity second‐harmonic generation is presented. The output powers reach a few hundred mW at wavelengths below 450 nm. Hence, the paper demonstrates the potential of Nd‐doped diode‐pumped solid‐state lasers for applications in the blue range, in replacement of gas lasers such as helium‐cadmium lasers.     

基于合作目标的激光水下定位

为了准确获取水下运动目标的运动轨迹,提高测量的数据率,提出了一种基于合作目标的激光水下定位方法。通过在被测目标上加装合作目标,利用合作目标的全反射特性,实现了脉冲式激光水下测角与测距的功能。介绍了激光水下定位的方法和系统组成,给出了水下定位的数学模型及测量结果。模拟实验结果表明,该方法具有一定的工程应用价值。最后,结合工程应用,对激光水下定位需要解决的一些实际问题进行了分析。      

Nitrogen‐doped graphene‐cerium oxide (NG‐CeO2) photocatalyst for the photodegradation of methylene blue in waste water

This study shows a facile approach for the preparation of CeO₂ nanoparticles decorated with porous nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) nanosheets for effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). NG nanosheets were first synthesized using a hydrothermal method and then nitrogen‐doped graphene‐cerium oxide (NG‐CeO₂) was prepared through mixing of cerium nitrate with different concentrations of NG under ultrasonication followed by hydrothermal treatment. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposites was analyzed against MB dye. Results showed that the nanocomposites of NG‐CeO₂ have an average particle size of 20 nm. The as‐prepared NG‐CeO₂ nanocomposites exhibited outstanding photocatalytic activity for dye degradation under visible light irradiation, which could be attributed to synergistic effects between the NG nanosheets and CeO₂. The quantum of photodegradation increases with the increase of the NG content in the nanocomposites.     

The synthesis of graphene oxide covalently linked with nickel tetraamino phthalocyanine: A photoelectrochemical sensor for the analysis of rifampicin irradiated with blue light

In this article, the fabrication and characterization of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) rifampicin sensor based on graphene oxide grafted with Ni tetraamino phthalocyanine was described, which presents an excellent PEC activity, sensitivity, and material stability. The synthesized graphene oxide grafted with Ni tetraamino phthalocyanine was characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Specifically, detection for rifampicin was based on the reduction of photocurrent caused by binding of the analyte to the sensing electrode surface. The fabricated sensor was characterized in a broad linear response range (0.025–71.3 μM) and with a low detection limit (2.5 nM), outperforming the previously reported sensors and thus being well suited for quality control and other applications, as confirmed by successful real‐life sample testing.     

两种比色法检测水体中微量氨含量的比较研究

氨氮含量的高低是衡量湖泊和水库水体富营养化的指标之一,水体中的氮元素极易诱发水体富营养化。目前,国标中通过比色法来检测氨氮含量的方法主要有靛酚蓝分光光度法和纳氏试剂分光光度法。根据高等教育国家标准中对于培养大学生的创新实践、科研意识、实验动手能力的要求,依照检测水体中氨氮含量的国家标准,检测了济南市区内三大名泉(趵突泉、黑虎泉、五龙潭)、大明湖、聊城东昌湖以及天津海河的水体样品中的氨氮浓度,并把山东师范大学的生活自来水作为对比样品,比较了比色法检测水体中氨氮含量的两种检测方法的差异。更重要的是,学生从检测过程中的得失领悟到了采用比色法检测、分析样品的方法技巧。结果表明,通过不断地完善检测方案,两种方法的标准曲线相关系数均达到0.9999以上。在实验操作中,由于操作过程和操作手法的不同(例如显色剂浓度、标准溶液的取用技巧以及各溶剂混合之后放置时间的长短等),获得了不同的实验结果,对实验结果的异常现象出现的原因进行了分析,同时讨论了两种检测方法的不同。     

三维电极电助光催化降解直接湖蓝水溶液的研究

 以500W高压汞灯为光源,在TiO2光催化剂和电催化剂同时存在下,联合多相三维电极技术与光催化技术,对直接湖蓝5B水溶液进行了电助光催化降解的研究．实验结果表明,浓度为0．5mmol／L的直接湖蓝5B水溶液经30min的光电催化降解,其大环结构可迅速破坏,颜色可迅速褪去,色度去除率高达96．8％,COD去除率可达66．7％．考察了空气流速、光催化剂加入量、底物的初始浓度、电解槽电压、pH值、电导率、以及曝气量等因素对直接湖蓝5B脱色率及COD去除率的影响．     

测定水中硅的新还原剂——赤霉素－葡萄糖－二氯化锡混合液

采用赤霉素－葡萄糖－二氯化锡混合液作为钼蓝法中的新还原剂。在 0.2 mol/L HNO3介质中 , 赤霉素－葡萄糖－二氯化锡混合物与硅杂多酸反应生成杂多蓝。λ max=801 nm, 表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.28× 104 L· mol－ 1· cm－ 1, 硅含量在 0.1～ 4 mg/L范围内符合朗伯－比尔定律。以赤霉素－葡萄糖－二氯化锡混合液作还原剂,还原速度快,产物稳定性好,操作简便,结果令人满意。     

灿烂甲酚蓝共振光谱散射法测定脱氧核糖核酸

研究了灿烂甲酚蓝与脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）作用的共振光散射光谱,在pH＝10．8－11．5的范围内,DNA的加入导致灿烂甲酚蓝共振光散射的增强,在347nm处,存在一共振光散射增强峰,其强度与DNA的浓度呈线性关系,据此建立了一种测定DNA的共振光谱散射法。该方法的线范围为80－100μg/L,检出限为23．3μg/L.