CuNPs as an activator of K2S2O8 for the decolorization of diazo dye in aqueous solution

Degradation of trypan blue (TB) by persulfate/CuNPs system was investigated as a function of TB concentration, persulfate concentration, CuNPs concentration, pH, and reaction temperature in aqueous solution. The rate of the decolorization and destruction of aromatic ring were studied spectrophotometrically. The dye mineralization was performed with potassium dichromate for the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in solution. The blue color reaction mixture became red-chocolate, purple, light blue to dark blue as a function of time. The CuNPs acted as an activator of K₂S₂O₈ and generates various reactive oxygen and/or sulphur species. Decolorization of dye starts due to the cleavage of azo bond by the generated radical species. The role of sulfate radicals (SO₄^?-), and hydroxyl radicals (HO^?) were established by using different radical scavengers. Degradation and mineralization of dye follows first-order kinetics. These results can support the design of remediation processes and also assist in predict their fate in environment.     

Facile synthesis of ZnO and Co3O4 nanoparticles by thermal decomposition of novel Schiff base complexes: Studying biological and catalytic properties

In this paper, a novel Zn(II) and Co(II) Schiff base complexes were synthesized by template method via refluxing 2,3-Naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde, Metal(II) chloride (Metal = Zn or Co), and L-phenylalanine. ZnO and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition of Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes, respectively. The products were characterized using different instruments such as CHN, Conductivity, FT-IR, XRD, HR-TEM, and UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The experimental results of elemental analysis for Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes, agree with the calculated results, indicating that the Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes have 1:1 ligand/metal ratios. The molar conductance of the Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes, is less than 5 Ω^?1cm^?1mol^?1, confirming the non-electrolytic nature of the synthesized complexes. The average crystallite diameter of the ZnO and Co₃O₄ samples is 39.64 and 30.38 nm, respectively. The optical energy gap of the ZnO and Co₃O₄ samples are 2.75 and 3.25 eV, respectively. Methylene blue dye was utilized to examine the photocatalytic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles using UV irradiations in the absence and presence of hydrogen peroxide. The % degradation of the methylene blue dye in the presence of hydrogen peroxide using ZnO and Co₃O₄ samples after 40 min is 94.55 and 98.98, respectively. Six pathogenic microbes were utilized to examine the antimicrobial properties of the synthesized Schiff base complexes and their nanoparticles: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus species, Aspergillus species, and Candida species. Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes display inhibition towards all the studied microbes. Besides, ZnO and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles exhibit less inhibition towards Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus species. Moreover, ZnO and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles have no activity towards Aspergillus and Candida species.     

Facile synthesis and characterization of β-cobalt hydroxide/hydrohausmannite/ramsdellitee/spertiniite and tenorite/cobalt manganese oxide/manganese oxide as novel nanocomposites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

In this paper, our research team has synthesized new nanocomposites by simple precipitation/ignition method and using low-cost chemicals. Hence, β-cobalt hydroxide/hydrohausmannite/ramsdellitee/spertiniite and tenorite/cobalt manganese oxide/manganese oxide new nanocomposites were synthesized by precipitation of Mn(II)/Co(II)/Cu(II) solution using sodium hydroxide and ignition of precipitate at 700 °C for 3 hrs, respectively. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using different instruments such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), nitrogen gas sorption analyzer, and UV–vis spectrophotometer. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that the nanocomposite formed as a result of precipitation consists of copper, cobalt, manganese, and oxygen where the weight percentages are equal to 31.73, 27.01, 17.26, and 24 %, respectively. Also, the nanocomposite formed as a result of ignition consists of copper, cobalt, manganese, and oxygen where the weight percentages are equal to 31.26, 23.87, 14.56, and 30.31 %, respectively. Transmission electron microscope revealed that the nanocomposites formed as a result of precipitation and ignition consist of polyhedral and spherical shapes with an average diameter of 34.50 and 28.56 nm, respectively. The synthesized nanocomposites were used as new photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of methylene blue dye. 0.05 g of the synthesized nanocomposites degrade 100 % of 50 mL of 15 mg/L of methylene blue dye solution within 25 min in the presence of H₂O₂ under UV light.     

Introduction of high valent Mo6+ in Prussian blue analog derived Co-layered double hydroxide nanosheets for improved water splitting

Herein, we report a facile method for synthesizing MoCo-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets employing Prussian blue analog (PBA) as the precursor. The introduction of Mo in Co-LDH modulates the electronic structure, increases the number of active sites and electrochemical surface area to improve the hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, and overall water splitting activity. As a result, PBA-derived Mo_0.25Co_0.75-LDH nanosheets demonstrated 10 mA cm^?2 current density at only 220 mV and 115 mV overpotentials for OER and HER, respectively. The overall water splitting was attained at 1.52 V cell voltage for 10 mA cm^?2 current density.     

Twisted Phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole Derivatives as Non-doped Emitters for Efficient Electroluminescent Devices with Ultra-Deep Blue Emission and High Exciton Utilization Efficiency

Herein, two deep-blue emissive molecules ( SAF-PI and SAF-DPI ) are designed and synthesized using spiro[acridine-9,9’-fluorene] as a donor (D) substituted with 2-(3-methylphenyl)-1-phenyl-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole as an acceptor (A), forming twisted D−A and A−D−A structures, respectively. The photophysical studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that both molecules exhibit hybridized local excited and charge transfer (HLCT) characteristics with deep blue emission color. They are effectively applied as non-doped emitters in OLEDs. Particularly, SAF-PI -based device achieves the high-definition television (HDTV) standard blue color emission peaked at 428 nm with CIE coordinate of (0.156, 0.053), a narrow full width at half maximum of 55 nm, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of 4.57% and an exciton utilization efficiency of 65%.     

Synthesis of activated carbon foams with high specific surface area using polyurethane elastomer templates for effective removal of methylene blue

Carbon foams have gained significant attention due to their tuneable properties that enable a wide range of applications including catalysis, energy storage and wastewater treatment. Novel synthesis pathways enable novel applications via yielding complex, hierarchical material structure. In this work, activated carbon foams (ACFs) were produced from waste polyurethane elastomer templates using different synthesis pathways, including a novel one-step method. Uniquely, the produced foams exhibited complex structure and contained carbon microspheres. The ACFs were synthesized by impregnating the elastomers in an acidified sucrose solution followed by direct activation using CO₂ at 1000 ℃. Different pyrolysis and activation conditions were investigated. The ACFs were characterized by a high specific surface area (S_BET) of 2172 m²/g and an enhanced pore volume of 1.08 cm³/g. Computer tomography and morphological studies revealed an inhomogeneous porous structure and the presence of numerous carbon spheres of varying sizes embedded in the porous network of the three-dimensional carbon foam. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy indicated that the obtained carbon foam was amorphous and of turbostratic structure. Moreover, the activation process enhanced the surface of the carbon foam, making it more hydrophilic via altering pore size distribution and introducing oxygen functional groups. In equilibrium, the adsorption of methylene blue on ACF followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 592 mg/g. Based on these results, the produced ACFs have potential applications as adsorbents, catalyst support and electrode material in energy storage systems.     

Adsorption of cationic methylene blue dye using microwave-assisted activated carbon derived from acacia wood: Optimization and batch studies

This study assesses the performance of optimized acacia wood-based activated carbon (AWAC) as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal in aqueous solution. AWAC was prepared via a physicochemical activation process that consists of potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment, followed by carbon dioxide (CO₂) gasification under microwave heating. By using response surface methodology (RSM), the optimum preparation conditions of radiation power, radiation time, and KOH-impregnation ratio (IR) were determined to be 360 W, 4.50 min, and 0.90 g/g respectively, which resulted in 81.20 mg/g of MB dye removal and 27.96% of AWAC’s yield. Radiation power and IR had a major effect on MB dye removal while radiation power and radiation time caused the greatest impact on AWAC’s yield. BET surface area, mesopore surface area, and pore volume of optimized AWAC were found to be 1045.56 m²/g, 689.77 m²/g, and 0.54 cm³/g, respectively. Adsorption of MB onto AWAC followed Langmuir and pseudo-second order for isotherm and kinetic studies respectively, with a Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of 338.29 mg/g. Mechanism studies revealed that the adsorption process was controlled by film diffusion mechanism and indicated to be thermodynamically exothermic in nature.     

Facile preparation of MgAl2O4/CeO2/Mn3O4 heterojunction photocatalyst and enhanced photocatalytic activity

Novel Mn₃O₄-promoted double p?n junction MgAl₂O₄/CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ heterojunction photocatalyst was constructed by one-step synthesis method and two-step synthesis method. The X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical and photoluminescence demonstrated that the MgAl₂O₄/CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized by the two-step synthesis method comprehends a high crystallinity, charge carrier migration and separation efficiency, and relatively low optical absorption coefficient. The MgAl₂O₄/CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ heterojunction photocatalysts were efficiently used as simulated sunlight-driven n-n and p-n double junction photocatalyst for the simultaneous degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The continuous double p?n junction MgAl₂O₄/CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ heterojunctions strengthened the function of single n-n or p-n junction and guided the charge carrier migration and separation direction; thus, the oxidation and reduction reactions occur at the active site of spatial separation and prevent the recombination of electrons and holes. The results suggest that the continuous double p?n junction MgAl₂O₄/CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ heterojunctions are very promising candidate material for enhancing the photocatalytic activity in the photocatalytic degradation of MB dye.     

“蓝瓶子”实验再探究*

利用SPSS 25.0统计软件对“蓝瓶子”实验进行正交实验设计,通过统计学分析得出最佳实验条件。利用氧化还原传感器(ORP)对“蓝瓶子”振荡体系的电极电势变化曲线进行分析,并针对蓝色的产生和消失过程设计3组对比实验深入探究,阐明其反应原理,意在引导学生深刻理解趣味实验现象背后的微观反应本质。     

指导本科生课外科研实践活动*——“我爱实验室”有感

由南开大学化学学院科技创新协会面向低年级本科生举办的“我爱实验室”活动,旨在拓宽学生的专业知识领域、使学生深入了解科研前沿方向、培养学生科研素养等。基于实验室的研究方向,学生自主调研文献选题、设计实验过程、参与组会沟通、交流并解决实验中遇到的问题。课外科研实践活动的开展不仅提高了学生的实验技能,而且拓宽了学生的知识领域,更重要的是培养和提高学生进行科学研究的素养和能力。