Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and third-order non-linear optical property of a discrete decanuclear iodocuprate(I) [Cu10H2I16] with [Ni(phen)3] as a template

The title compound [Ni^II(phen)₃]₂[Cu₁₀H₂I₁₆] 1 (phen=1,10-phenanthroline, C₁₂H₈N₂) was hydrothermally synthesized from a simple reaction of CuI-NiCl₂·6H₂O-phen·H₂O-H₂O. X-ray analysis revealed that it consists of NiN₆²⁺ core cation and decanuclear iodocuprate(I) anion together with two dissociative H⁺ ions. In anionic unit, the discrete decanuclear iodocuprate(I) is formed by crystallographically independent five monovalent copper atoms and eight iodine atoms via an inversion center. There exist two types of Cu(I) coordination sites; only one copper(I) atom is in a highly distorted triangular planar site, and the other four copper(I) atoms display the tetrahedral geometries. It deserves to be noted that four types of bridging modes of I⁻ ions in which two are ordinary μ₂- and μ₃-bonding modes can be found. But the other two are the rectangle planar geometry and the novel μ₄-bridge like an “umbrella”, and both of them are rather rare in the halocuprates(I). Compound 1 was crystallized in triclinic space group with a=11.6861(17), b=14.590(2), c=14.649(2) Å, α=76.370(2), β=70.830(2), γ=81.320(3)^o, R=0.075, and was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and UV-VIS spectrum. The third-order non-linear optical property of 1 was also investigated and the compound exhibits the reverse saturable absorption and self-defocusing performance.     

Iron halide mediated atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with N‐alkyl‐2‐pyridylmethanimine as the ligand

The controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) catalyzed by iron halide/N‐(n‐hexyl)‐2‐pyridylmethanimine (NHPMI) is described. The ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBIB)‐initiated ATRP with [MMA]₀/[EBIB]₀/[iron halide]₀/[NHPMI]₀ = 150/1/1/2 was better controlled in 2‐butanone than in p‐xylene at 90 °C. Initially added iron(III) halide improved the controllability of the reactions in terms of molecular weight control. The p‐toluenesulfonyl chloride (TsC1)‐initiated ATRP were uncontrolled with [MMA]₀/[TsC1]₀/[iron halide]₀/[NHPMI]₀ = 150/1/1/2 in 2‐butanone at 90 °C. In contrast to the EBIB‐initiated system, the initially added iron(III) halide greatly decreased the controllability of the TsC1‐initiated ATRP. The ration of iron halide to NHPMI significantly influenced the controllability of both EBIB and TsC1‐initiated ATRP systems. The ATRP with [MMA]₀/[initiator]₀/[iron halide]₀/[NHPMI]₀ = 150/1//1/2 provided polymers with PDIs ≥ 1.57, whereas those with [iron halide]₀/[NHPMI]₀ = 1 resulted in polymers with PDIs as low as 1.35. Moreover, polymers with PDIs of approximately 1.25 were obtained after their precipitation from acidified methanol. The high functionality of the halide end group in the obtained polymer was confirmed by both ¹H NMR and a chain‐extenstion reaction. Cyclic voltammetry was utilized to explain the differing catalytic behaviors of the in situ‐formed complexes by iron halide and NHPMI with different molar ratios. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4882–4894, 2004     

2‐[(Diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine as ligand for iron‐based atom transfer radical polymerization

2‐[(Diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine (DPPMP) was successfully used as a bidentate ligand in the iron‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with various initiators and solvents. The effect of the catalytic system on ATRP was studied systematically. Most of the polymerizations with DPPMP ligand were well controlled with a linear increase in the number‐average molecular weights (M_n) versus conversion and relatively low molecular weight distributions (M_w/M_n = 1.10–1.3) being observed throughout the reactions, and the measured molecular weights matched the predicted values. Initially added iron(III) bromide improved the controllability of the polymerization reactions in terms of molecular weight control. The ratio of ligand to metal influenced the controllability of ATRP system, and the optimum ratio was found to be 2:1. It was shown that ATRP of MMA with FeX₂/DPPMP catalytic system (X = Cl, Br) initiated by 2‐bromopropionitrile (BPN) was controlled more effectively in toluene than in polar solvents. The rate of polymerization increased with increasing the polymerization temperature and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 56.7 KJ mol^?1. In addition, reverse ATRP of MMA was able to be successfully carried out using AIBN in toluene at 80 °C. Polymerization of styrene (St) was found to be controlled well by using the PEBr/FeBr₂/DPPMP system in DMF at 110 °C. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2922–2935, 2008     

FT-IR spectra, vibrational assignments, and density functional calculations of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine molecule and its Zn(II) halide complexes

The geometry, frequency, and intensity of the vibrational bands of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (which is abbreviated as impy) were obtained by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations with BLYP, B3LYP, and B3PW91 functionals and 6-31G(d) basis set. The optimized geometric bond lengths and bond angles are in good agreement with the available X-ray data. The infrared spectrum of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine was computed by the DFT method in order to reproduce the vibrational wavenumbers and intensities with an accuracy, which allows reliable vibrational assignments. Total energy distribution and isotopic shifts have been calculated in order to help for the perfect assignment of the vibrational modes. The zinc halide complexes Zn(impy)₂X₂ [X = Cl, Br, and I] have also been synthesized. The compounds were characterized using the elemental analysis, FT-IR spectra, and quantum chemical calculations. The geometry optimization of Zn(impy)₂X₂ yields distorted tetrahedral environment around Zn ion.     

Preparation and dielectric properties of oxide added NaCl-KCl polycrystals

Pure and ZnO and CdO added (separately) polycrystals of NaCl, KCl and (NaCl)_0.5(KCl)_0.5 were prepared by the melt method. Density, atomic absorption spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the ZnO and CdO have entered into the lattices of alkali halide crystals. The dielectric measurements indicate that the dielectric parameters increase with the increase in temperature. Also, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor values decreased whereas the electrical conductivities increased with the increase in frequency of the AC applied. Significant changes have been observed with the dielectric parameters caused by ZnO and CdO additions. Also, the depth profile study was carried out on CdO added crystals which indicates that the dopant addition creates different layers along the crystal with increase of dopant content from top to bottom.     

Thallium(III) coordination compounds: chemical information from 205Tl NMR longitudinal relaxation times

²⁰⁵Tl longitudinal relaxation rate measurements were performed on several thallium(III) complexes with the composition Tl(OH)_n(H₂O)_6?n^(3?n)+ (n = 1,2), Tl(Cl)_n(H₂O)_m?n^(3?n)+, Tl(Br)_n(H₂O)_m?n^(3?n)+ (m = 6 for n = 1–2, m = 5 for n = 3, m = 4 for n = 4), Tl(CN)_n(H₂O)_m?n^(3?n)+ (m = 6 for n = 1–2, m = 4 for n = 3–4) in aqueous solution, at different magnetic fields and temperatures. ¹³C and ²D isotopic labelling and ¹H decoupling experiments showed that the contribution of the dipolar relaxation path is negligible. The less symmetric lower complexes (n < 4) had faster relaxation rate dominantly via chemical shift anisotropy contribution which depended on the applied magnetic field: T₁ values are between 20 and 100 ms at 9.4 T and the shift anisotropy is Δσ = 1000–2000 ppm. The tetrahedral complexes, n = 4, relax slower; their T₁ is longer than 1 s and the spin–rotation mechanism is probably the dominant relaxation path as showed by a temperature dependence study. In the case of the TlCl₄^? complex, presumably a trace amount of TlCl₅^2? causes a large CSA contribution, 300 ppm. Since the geometry and the bond length for the complexes in solution are known from EXAFS data, it was possible to establish a correlation between the CSA parameter and the symmetry of the complexes. The relaxation behaviour of the Tl–bromo complexes is not in accordance with any known relaxation mechanism. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Palladium β-diketonate complex catalyzed synthesis of monosubstituted arylferrocenes

Palladium β-diketonate complexes are reported as efficient catalysts for the selective synthesis of monosubstituted arylferrocenes by a cross-coupling reaction of bis(ferrocenyl)mercury with aryl halides. The present protocol was applicable to aryl halides providing good to excellent yields of the desired products.     

Selective S-methylation of highly fluorinated thiocarbamates

A series of new S-methyl O-fluoroalkyl N-alkyl(aryl)imidothiocarbonates were prepared by S-methylation of various fluoroalkylated thiocarbamates with methyl iodide in the presence of cesium carbonate and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature. As expected from the mostly soft electrophilic alkyl halide (MeI), no isomer products derived from N-methylation were detected. The products were characterized by spectroscopic (¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁹F) NMR, infrared, and high-resolution mass spectrometric techniques.     

十二烷基磺酸根插层水滑石负载纳米钯催化的 Suzuki 偶联反应

 首次制备了十二烷基硫酸根 (DS–) 插层水滑石负载的纳米钯无膦配体型的 Suzuki 偶联反应催化剂. DS–进入到水滑石层间, 使层间距从微孔增至 2.9 nm, 从而有利于中等尺度的有机分子在催化剂表面的扩散. 进一步以 PdCl42–交换该水滑石得到 DS–和 PdCl42– 双插层的水滑石. 还原后可得到层间插有金属钯纳米团簇的水滑石. 由于 DS–插层后在水滑石层板间形成的空间有限, 限制了 Pd0 团簇的进一步生长. 作为一种亲油性的非均相催化剂, 该类催化剂可有效促进卤代芳烃与苯硼酸的 Suzuki 偶联反应. 催化剂循环使用 5 次后活性基本得以保持.     

Synthesis of a new palladium salt using N‐benzyl DABCO chloride and its application in Suzuki reaction

A palladium catalyst was synthesized using N‐benzyl DABCO chloride and palladium chloride. The structure of this catalyst was characterized and then the catalyst was used in Suzuki cross‐ coupling reaction of different aryl halides with arylboronic acids. All substrates afforded the corresponding products in good to high yields in the presence of low amounts of the catalyst. Under the heating conditions employed, cheaper and more available aryl chlorides gave relatively high yields in the Suzuki reaction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.