Numerical analysis of turbulent structure in compound meandering open channel by algebraic Reynolds stress model

The turbulent flow in a compound meandering channel with a rectangular cross section is one of the most complicated turbulent flows, because the flow behaviour is influenced by several kinds of forces, including centrifugal forces, pressure‐driven forces and shear stresses generated by momentum transfer between the main channel and the flood plain. Numerical analysis has been performed for the fully developed turbulent flow in a compound meandering open‐channel flow using an algebraic Reynolds stress model. The boundary‐fitted coordinate system is introduced as a method for coordinate transformation in order to set the boundary conditions along the complicated shape of the meandering open channel. The turbulence model consists of transport equations for turbulent energy and dissipation, in conjunction with an algebraic stress model based on the Reynolds stress transport equations. With reference to the pressure–strain term, we have made use of a modified pressure–strain term. The boundary condition of the fluctuating vertical velocity is set to zero not only for the free surface, but also for computational grid points next to the free surface, because experimental results have shown that the fluctuating vertical velocity approaches zero near the free surface. In order to examine the validity of the present numerical method and the turbulent model, the calculated results are compared with experimental data measured by laser Doppler anemometer. In addition, the compound meandering open channel is clarified somewhat based on the calculated results. As a result of the analysis, the present algebraic Reynolds stress model is shown to be able to reasonably predict the turbulent flow in a compound meandering open channel. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Environmental Effect of Macrocyclic Molecules on the Oxidation of Triethylamine by Ferricyanide Ion in Aqueous Solution

The effect of 18-crown-6 and kryptofix (2,2,1) on the oxidation of triethylamine byaqueous ferricyanide ion has been studied at pH 4, 7, and 9.The macrocycle retarded the normal oxidation process at all pH values,the effect depending on the macrocyclic ligand concentration Kryptofix (2,2,1) had a greater effect than 18-crown-6 at all pHvalues in this study. For 18-crown-6, retardation decreases in the order pH 9 > 4 > 7 while forkryptofix it follows the order pH 9 > 7 > 4.     

Effect of Deborah number and phase difference on peristaltic transport of a third-order fluid in an asymmetric channel

The effect of a third-order fluid on the peristaltic transport in an asymmetric channel is studied. The wavelength of the peristaltic waves is assumed to be large compared to the varying channel width, whereas the wave amplitudes need not be small compared to the varying channel width. The channel asymmetry is produced by choosing the peristaltic wave train on the walls to have different amplitudes and phase. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with velocity of the wave. The effects of Deborah number, phase difference, varying channel width and wave amplitudes on the pumping characteristics, streamline pattern and trapping phenomena are investigated. It is observed that the trapping regions increase as the channel becomes more and more symmetric and the trapped bolus volume decreases for increasing Deborah number, phase difference and varying channel width whereas it increases for increasing flow rate and wave amplitudes. Furthermore, the obtained results could also have applications to a range of peristaltic flows for a variety of non-Newtonian fluids such as aqueous solutions of high-molecular weight polyethylene oxide and polyacrylamide.     

Synthesis of potassium salts ofO-substitutedN-nitrohydroxylamines

Potassium salts of O-substitutedN-nitrohydroxylamines were synthesized by nitration of O-substituted.N-acetylhydroxylamines followed by treatment of the reaction products with potassium methoxide.Translated fromIzyestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 178–179, January, 1994.     

低速二维流动的粒子仿真研究

本文运用信息保存法对低速二维的流动现象进行模拟，考察了低速条件下的有限平板绕流以及微槽道气体流动问题。研究表明：在对低速流动的模拟过程中，运用IP法在能够获得较好的结果的同时，具有比DSMC方法更高的计算效率。     

三层干扰下的最优无线电信道问题的研究

研究了 2 0 0 0年 MCM— B题 ,将问题推广到有三层干扰的复杂情况 ,给出并严格证明了 ( k,1,1)问题的最优解     

Computational Electrochemistry: A Model to Studying Ohmic Distortion of Voltammetry in Multiple Working Electrode,Microfluidic Devices,an Adaptive FEM Approach

Characteristics of mass transport and potential distribution applicable to microfluidic electrochemical flow cell devices has been modelled using the finite element method. A flexible, automatic grid generation algorithm has been combined with an a‐posteriori error indication technique presented by Nann and Heinze to allow irregular cell geometries to be modelled. The code has been applied to the problem of steady state generator – detector linear sweep voltammetry in a channel flow cell showing the effects of IR drop on the voltammetric response of each electrode.     

Gating processes in Na-channel of biological membrane from the standpoint of superionic phase transition

The method of condensed matter physics is applied to reason out the problem of Na transport through a biological membrane. A similiarity of gating process in Na ion channel to the superionic phase transition is discussed. A possible microscopic mechanism is suggested.     

麻黄中伪麻黄碱在小鼠组织中的分布研究

为了解麻黄(Herba ephedrae,简称HE)中伪麻黄碱(Pseudoephedrine,简称PE)在小鼠脑、肺、心、肝、肾的分布变化,探讨HE的归经,用GC-MS/SIM法,分析了用药后30、60、120 min PE在小鼠脏器分布量。结果表明,PE于不同时间点在小鼠脏器的分布由多到少的顺序是:30 min时,肺脏(肾脏、肝脏、脑),心脏;60 min时,肾脏,心脏(肝脏),脑,肺脏;120 min时,脑,肾脏,心脏,肝脏(肺脏)。本试验从PE在小鼠体内脏器的分布量初步反映了HE的归经趋势。     

还原温度对超细K－Co－Mo催化剂合成低碳醇性能的影响

 用溶胶－凝胶法合成了K－Co－Mo催化剂．样品经不同温度还原后，用于低碳醇的合成．XRD和HRTEM结果表明，样品是超细粒子，粒子尺寸为2～5nm．考察了催化剂的还原温度和反应条件对催化剂性能的影响．实验结果表明，还原温度对催化剂的活性有较大的影响，最佳还原温度为500℃．最佳反应温度范围为310～330℃．升高压力和空速可以提高醇的收率和选择性．在空速14400h－1，压力6．0MPa和温度310℃的条件下，醇的选择性为55．8％，收率为520．0g／（kg·h），MeOH／C2＋OH为0．27．催化剂稳定性良好，在200h的寿命实验中，活性基本不变．与文献中催化剂相比，超细K－Co－Mo催化剂对合成醇具有较高的活性和选择性，尤其是对C2＋OH的合成明显高于其他合成醇催化剂体系．