Effect of the pore surface modification of an inorganic substrate on the plasma‐grafting behavior of pore‐filling‐type organic/inorganic composite membranes

We have investigated the effect of the surface state and surface treatment of the pores of an inorganic substrate on the plasma‐grafting behavior of pore‐filling‐type organic/inorganic composite membranes. Shirasu porous glass (SPG) was used as the inorganic substrate, and methyl acrylate was used as the grafting monomer. The grafting rate increased as the density of silanol on the SPG substrate increased. This result suggests that radicals are generated mainly at the silanol groups on the pore surface by plasma irradiation. The SPG substrates were treated with silane coupling agents used to control the mass of organic material bonded to the pore surface. The thickness of the grafted layer became thinner as the mass of organic material bonded to the pore surface of SPG increased. This decrease in the thickness of the grafted layer could be explained by the decrease in the penetration depth of vacuum ultraviolet rays contained in plasma having a wavelength of less than 160 nm that generated radicals in the pores of the substrate. The thickness of the grafted layer inside the SPG substrates could be controlled through the control of the mass of organic material bonded to the pore surface of the SPG substrate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 846–856, 2006     

我国区域绿色技术创新效率的分类测度和提升模式研究——基于非期望产出的SBM-SupSBM模型

本文首先运用考虑非期望产出的SBM-SupSBM模型估计我国各省市绿色技术创新效率并进行分类:稳定上升类、平稳类、大幅度波动类以及下降类。之后从企业内部和外部两方面对绿色技术创新效率提升的影响因素提出假设,着重考虑大幅度波动类别省份的效率提升。运用面板数据模型各影响因素进行验证,结论显示:企业规模对绿色技术创新效率波动较大的省份起到显著的抑制作用,环境规制和技术进步对绿色技术创新效率波动较大的省份作用不明显。针对分析结果,提出结论:在提升绿色技术创新效率的过程中,应注重企业规模和技术进步的协同作用,以及技术的开放程度。     

Studies on polymers and composites from lignin and fiber derived from sugar cane

Sugarcane fiber (i.e. bagasse) lignin has a larger fraction of aromatics unsubstitution in the ortho position than hardwood or softwood lignin and hence has the greater ability to be derivatized. Furthermore, organosolv lignin has a higher purity than sulfonated and kraft lignins. This work examines the purification of organosolv lignin derived from bagasse and the physico‐chemical properties of the lignin and lignin‐phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin coatings, and composites. The wetability tests have shown that lignin and lignin‐PF resin films are effective water barrier coatings, though the contact angles of lignin‐PF resin films were considerably less than the wax films. The overall mechanical properties (i.e. peak stress, peak strain and modulus) of the bagasse fiber composites were lower than the values obtained with the composites without the inclusion of bagasse fiber. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

动力学电位法测定硼

本文根据硼酸，苯乙醇酸，孔雀绿形成三元离子缔合型配合物的反应，用孔雀绿离子选择性电极监测反应速率，在最佳实验条件下，用固定时间法，电位变化与硼量在０．２－５．０μｇ／ｍＬ范围呈线性关系，用於测定标准钢样和玻璃标样中的硼，结果与标准值十分接近。     

Novel α-Aminophosphonates and α-Aminophosphonic Acids: Synthesis,Molecular Docking and Evaluation of Antifungal Activity against Scedosporium Species

The Scedosporium genus is an emerging pathogen with worldwide prevalence and high mortality rates that gives multidrug resistance to antifungals; therefore, pharmacological alternatives must be sought for the treatment of diseases caused by this fungus. In the present project, six new α-aminophosphates were synthesized by the Kabachnik–Fields multicomponent reaction by vortex agitation, and six new monohydrolyzed α-aminophosphonic acids were synthesized by an alkaline hydrolysis reaction. Antifungal activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method as an initial screening to determine the most active compound compared to voriconazole; then it was evaluated against 23 strains of the genus Scedosporium following the M38-A2 protocol from CLSI (activity range: 648.76–700 µg/mL). Results showed that compound 5f exhibited the highest antifungal activity according to the agar diffusion method (≤1 mg/mL). Cytotoxicity against healthy COS-7 cells was also evaluated by the MTT assay and it was shown that compound 5f exhibits a lower toxicity in comparison to voriconazole at the same concentration (1000 µM). A docking study was conducted afterwards, showing that the possible mechanism of action of the compound is through the inhibition of allosteric 14-α-demethylase. Taking these results as a basis, 5f is presented as a compound with attractive properties for further studies.     

Green Tea (Camellia sinensis): A Review of Its Phytochemistry,Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Objectives Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a kind of unfermented tea that retains the natural substance in fresh leaves to a great extent. It is regarded as the second most popular drink in the world besides water. In this paper, the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of green tea are reviewed systematically and comprehensively. Key findings Green tea has been demonstrated to be good for human health. Nowadays, multiple pharmacologically active components have been isolated and identified from green tea, including tea polyphenols, alkaloids, amino acids, polysaccharides, and volatile components. Recent studies have demonstrated that green tea shows versatile pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, and neuroprotective. Studies on the toxic effects of green tea extract and its main ingredients have also raised concerns including hepatotoxicity and DNA damage. Summary Green tea can be used to assist the treatment of diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, oral cancer, and dermatitis. Consequently, green tea has shown promising practical prospects in health care and disease prevention.     

Green Extraction Techniques as Advanced Sample Preparation Approaches in Biological,Food, and Environmental Matrices: A Review

Green extraction techniques (GreETs) emerged in the last decade as greener and sustainable alternatives to classical sample preparation procedures aiming to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of analytical methods, simultaneously reducing the deleterious side effects of classical extraction techniques (CETs) for both the operator and the environment. The implementation of improved processes that overcome the main constraints of classical methods in terms of efficiency and ability to minimize or eliminate the use and generation of harmful substances will promote more efficient use of energy and resources in close association with the principles supporting the concept of green chemistry. The current review aims to update the state of the art of some cutting-edge GreETs developed and implemented in recent years focusing on the improvement of the main analytical features, practical aspects, and relevant applications in the biological, food, and environmental fields. Approaches to improve and accelerate the extraction efficiency and to lower solvent consumption, including sorbent-based techniques, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and fabric-phase sorbent extraction (FPSE), and solvent-based techniques (μQuEChERS; micro quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), in addition to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized solvent extraction (PSE), are highlighted.     

Annealing effect in glass woven fabric composites,Part II. Bending properties

Effects of annealing on bending properties of composites reinforced with plain glass woven fabrics that were treated with different concentrations of silane coupling agent were investigated in this paper. Bending strength increased by annealing in the specimen treated with lower silane concentration. Higher annealing temperature in a range from 80°C to 150°C led to higher bending strength. Then, the fracture mode changed from a micro-crack type (low strength type) to a branched matrix crack type (high strength type) by annealing.     

Modified null field method for P- and SV-wave scattering from a partially debonded fiber

The modified null field approach to elastic P- and SV-wave scattering (in plane strain) from a partially debonded fiber has been developed. The debonded region on the fiber surface is subjected to traction free boundary conditions, whereas the fiber is assumed to be in welded contact with the host medium elsewhere. Additional null field equations for an elliptical extension of the actual surface of the scatterer are introduced which require additional expansions for the field in the region between the extended mathematical boundary and the actual boundary of the scatterer. The numerical accuracy of the modified null field method has been tested for the case of a perfectly bonded fiber for P- and SV-wave incidence. Scattering cross-section plots are presented for different degrees of debonding.     

An Efficient Four‐component Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine]triones

A four‐component reaction in the presence of Alum [KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O] as an inexpensive and reusable catalyst using the ionic liquid as an effective green reaction media is reported.