Approximate controllability for trajectories of semilinear control systems

We treat an abstract semilinear control system and study the controllability problem for its trajectories. Assuming a range condition of the control action operator and an inequality condition on the system parameters, we can show that the reachable trajectory set of the semilinear system is equivalent to that of its corresponding linear system.The author wishes to express his deep appreciation to Prof. T. I. Seidman for his many helpful suggestions and to Prof. W. Takahashi for many stimulating conversations.     

A complete active-space self-consistent-field study on cubic N8

Summary Complete Active-Space Self-Consistent-Field (CAS-SCF) calculations for cubic N₈ are presented. We studied the N₈↔4N₂ reaction inD _4h symmetry and found its energy release and activation barrier with three different atomic basis sets. The energy release for this reaction is predicted to be around 526 kcal/mol, while the energy barrier to dissociation is estimated about 159 kcal/mol. These results are in substantial agreement with previousab initio estimates. The authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

Weber electrodynamics: part III. mechanics,gravitation

Weber electrodynamics predicts the Kaufmann-Bucherer experiments and the fine structure energy level splitting of the H-atom (neglecting spin) without mass change with velocity (i.e., mass ). The Weber potential for the gravitational case yields Newtonian mechanics, confirming Mach's principle. It provides a cosmological condition yielding an estimated radius of the universe of 8 × 10⁹ light years. Despite these successes, the independent evidence for Kaufmann mechanics, where mass changes with velocity (i.e., mass ) is convincing. Perhaps a slight alteration may make the Weber theory compatible with Kaufmann mechanics.     

冲击波处理的结晶MgO的化学分析正电子谱研究

冲击波处理的结晶ＭｇＯ的化学分析正电子谱研究＊张菊郑小明（杭州大学催化研究所，杭州３１００２８）常志向（抚顺石油化工研究院，抚顺１１３００１）关键词冲击波，化学分析正电子谱，结晶氧化镁，丁烯，脱氢冲击波是在介质中以超音速传播的压力脉冲．气体中的冲击波...     

降铅冲剂对低水平铅暴露仔鼠血铅及脑铅的影响

目的:研究降铅冲剂对低水平铅暴露仔鼠血铅及脑铅的影响,为评价降铅冲剂的作用提供依据。方法:选用Wister大鼠仔鼠60只,体质量80~100 g,随机分成6组,每组10只,分别为空白组、模型对照组、EDTA对照组、降铅冲剂低剂量组、降铅冲剂中剂量组、降铅冲剂高剂量组;造模后开始给药,EDTA对照组给CaNa2EDTA注射液10(mg/kg)/d腹腔注射,降铅冲剂低、中、高剂量组分别予降铅冲剂5(g/kg)/d、10(g/kg)/d、20(g/kg)/d的剂量灌胃,空白组和模型对照组予等量蒸馏水灌胃,给药共30 d。用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定仔鼠血铅、脑铅。结果:(1)染铅后,各染铅组的血铅水平与空白组比较都显著升高(P<0.001),经过30 d的治疗后,各治疗组的治疗后血铅水平均有不同程度下降,与模型对照组比较均有统计学意义。(2)染铅后,各染铅组的脑铅水平与空白组比较都显著升高(P<0.05),治疗后,各组脑铅与治疗前比较均显著升高,降铅冲剂低、中剂量组的脑铅与模型对照组比较显著下降。结论:降铅冲剂能显著降低低水平铅暴露仔鼠的血铅和脑铅含量,其综合疗效优于CaNa2EDTA。     

Synthesis on the basis of electrogenerated carbenes

A series ofS _N2 reactions with halomethanes as substrates and the corresponding anions as nucleophiles were studied by the semiempirical MNDO and AM1 methods, taking into account solvent effects. Analysis of the kinetics, structures of reagents, intermediates and products, and charge distribution in them allows one to draw the conclusion that the retardation ofS _N2 reactions is stronger in solvents than in the gas phase, and the rates of reactions involving anions with a lower number of halogen atoms are higher.For Part 8 see Ref. 1.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2148–2154, November, 1995.This work was partially financially supported by the International Science Foundation (Grant No. MHYOO).     

Fibers and 3D mesh scaffolds from biodegradable starch-based blends: production and characterization

The aim of this work is the production of fibers from biodegradable polymers to obtain 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering of hard tissues. The scaffolds required for this highly demanding application need to have, as well as the biological and mechanical characteristics, a high degree of porosity with suitable dimensions for cell seeding and proliferation. Furthermore, the open cell porosity should have adequate interconnectivity for a continuous flow of nutrients and outflow of cell metabolic residues as well as to allow cell growth into confluent layers. Blends of corn starch, a natural biodegradable polymer, with other synthetic polymers (poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol), poly(epsilon-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid)) were selected for this work because of their good balance of properties, namely biocompatibility, processability and mechanical properties. Melt spinning was used to produce fibers from all the blends and 3D meshes from one of the starch-poly(lactic acid) blends. The experimental characterization included the evaluation of the tensile mechanical properties and thermal properties of the fibers and the compression stiffness, porosity and degradation behavior of the 3D meshes. Light microscopy picture of 3D meshes.     

Surface forces in foam films from ABA block copolymer: a dynamic method study

The thinning of foam films from aqueous solutions of an ABA triblock copolymer of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide (average molecular weight 14,000 g/mol) is studied experimentally. The dependence of the surface forces on film thickness is obtained by the dynamic method of Scheludko and Exerowa.The total surface force measured in foam films (radius 60–70 m) from 10^–5 M (0.014 wt%) polymer solution with 0.1 M NaCl is positive at thicknesses from about 800 down to 460 . The electrostatic repulsion is negligible while the contribution of van der Waals attraction is small (within 15%). Therefore a positive surface force component predominates. Most probably it arises from steric interactions between the hydrophilic polyethylene oxide tails of the polymer. The dynamic method appears to be a suitable technique for exploring the stabilization of foam films from ABA copolymers.     

Averaged molecular weight of complex mixtures as determined by rapid measurements of diffusion

Summary The concept of a diffusion-averaged molecular weight, M_d is presented, and M_d is defined for polydisperse samples. It is shown via oligostyrene mixtures that M_d can be determined in 20 minutes with common chromatographic equipment. If M_d is measured and M_n or M_w is known, the polydispersity can be obtained.