Emission characteristics of high-powered microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry by using nitrogen–oxygen mixture gas

A high-powered, microwave-induced nitrogen–oxygen plasma (N₂–O₂–MIP) generated by using an Okamoto cavity at atmospheric pressure was investigated when the observation height, the flow rate of carrier gas, and the oxygen content were varied as the experimental parameters. The emission characteristics of the plasma were evaluated with regard to the excitation temperature and the intensity ratio of atomic line to ionic line. The excitation temperature of the N₂–O₂–MIP was in the range of 5100–5700 K when the oxygen content was varied from 0 to 30% at the observation height of 7 mm and the carrier gas flow rate of 0.6 l/min. The intensity ratio of atomic line to ionic line was elevated with an increase in the oxygen content.     

On laplace continued fraction for the normal integral

The Laplace continued fraction is derived through a power series. It provides both upper bounds and lower bounds of the normal tail probability % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiGc9yrFr0xXdbba91rFfpec8Eeeu0x% Xdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs% 0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqGaaO% qaaiqbfA6agzaaraaaaa!3DC0!\[\bar \Phi\](x), it is simple, it converges for x>0, and it is by far the best approximation for x3. The Laplace continued fraction is rederived as an extreme case of admissible bounds of the Mills' ratio, % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiGc9yrFr0xXdbba91rFfpec8Eeeu0x% Xdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs% 0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqGaaO% qaaiqbfA6agzaaraaaaa!3DC0!\[\bar \Phi\](x)/(x), in the family of ratios of two polynomials subject to a monotone decreasing absolute error. However, it is not optimal at any finite x. Convergence at the origin and local optimality of a subclass of admissible bounds are investigated. A modified continued fraction is proposed. It is the sharpest tail bound of the Mills' ratio, it has a satisfactory convergence rate for x1 and it is recommended for the entire range of x if a maximum absolute error of 10^-4 is required.The efforts of the author were supported by the NSERC of Canada.     

Use of a Dual-Marker Form of Analysis to Estimate Binding Constants Between Receptors and Ligands by Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis

This work describes the use of a dual-standard analysis approach termed the time-average ratio (TAR) in affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) to estimate binding constants of receptors to ligands. In this form of analysis the TAR is the migration time of the receptor divided by the average of the sum of the migration times of two non-interacting standards. This change in TAR as a function of the concentration of ligand yields a value for the binding constant. This concept is demonstrated using three model systems: carbonic anhydrase B (CAB, EC 4.2.1.1) and arylsulfonamides, vancomycin (Van) and ristocetin (Rist) from Streptomyces orientalis and Nocardia lurida, respectively, and d-Ala- d-Ala terminus peptides. Three ACE techniques are used to examine the three systems: standard ACE, flow-through partial-filling ACE (FTPFACE), and on-column derivatization coupled to ACE. The findings described here demonstrate that ACE data analyzed using the TAR form of analysis yield binding constants between receptors and ligands comparable to those estimated using other ACE forms of analysis. A comparison to three other forms of analysis is described.     

用电子散斑干涉法测量材料热膨胀系数

 利用双光束电子散斑干涉法（ESPI）对试件受热变形进行了实时观测，针对一次实验过程中得到的图片较多（300～500幅）的特点，在图像处理时摒弃了以往的手动识别等位移线的办法，用MATLAB语言编写了批处理程序，能够在采集的大量散斑图片中自动快速准确地标定等位移线，得到相应的位移和应变，并结合实时测量的温度值，获得了45钢和LY12铝合金在不同温升率下的热膨胀系数及其随温度的变化。实验结果表明，在涉及的温升率范围内，温升率的改变对材料热膨胀系数的影响不明显，材料的热膨胀系数随温度的升高略有上升。     

微波大气吸收衰减特性分析及分层数值算法

 给出了微波在大气中传输受气体分子吸收导致衰减的较精确计算模型，该模型扩展了传统计算模式忽略温度、湿度、压力变化及传播距离受限制的近似算法。结合我国某地区的实测气象数据模拟计算了该地区的大气吸收衰减，最后根据数值计算结果分析了微波随频率、发射角度以及月份（季度）变化的传播特性，并简要说明了此研究在微波遥感中的实际意义。     

中国银行间拆借利率扩散模型的极大拟似然估计

本文用极大拟似然估计法估计了中国银行间市场七天拆借利率扩散模型的参数。并用自助法对众多不同的模型进行了广义拟似然比检验。结论表明:中国货币市场利率具有均值回复效应:利率敏感系数γ值为1.421265,对利率水平具有较高敏感性。     

涡轮叶栅前缘槽缝气膜冷却的数值模拟

应用FINE/TURBO软件包,求解三维雷诺平均N-S方程,对叶片前缘有两列冷却槽缝的气膜冷却流场进行了数值模拟,获得了不同吹风比下叶片表面静压分布与极限流线.在计算结果与实验数据良好符合的基础上,详细分析了槽缝冷却三维定常流场结构与槽缝附近的流动细节.研究结果表明,槽缝冷却对前缘压力分布影响较大,且在压力面引起较大的分离流动,不利于冷却.     

Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Industrial Robot Based on Multiclass Mahalanobis-Taguchi System for Imbalanced Data

One of the biggest challenges for the fault diagnosis research of industrial robots is that the normal data is far more than the fault data; that is, the data is imbalanced. The traditional diagnosis approaches of industrial robots are more biased toward the majority categories, which makes the diagnosis accuracy of the minority categories decrease. To solve the imbalanced problem, the traditional algorithm is improved by using cost-sensitive learning, single-class learning and other approaches. However, these algorithms also have a series of problems. For instance, it is difficult to estimate the true misclassification cost, overfitting, and long computation time. Therefore, a fault diagnosis approach for industrial robots, based on the Multiclass Mahalanobis-Taguchi system (MMTS), is proposed in this article. It can be classified the categories by measuring the deviation degree from the sample to the reference space, which is more suitable for classifying imbalanced data. The accuracy, G-mean and F-measure are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach on an industrial robot platform. The experimental results show that the proposed approach’s accuracy, F-measure and G-mean improves by an average of 20.74%, 12.85% and 21.68%, compared with the other five traditional approaches when the imbalance ratio is 9. With the increase in the imbalance ratio, the proposed approach has better stability than the traditional algorithms.     

精确确定光路中四分之一波片光轴方位的新方法

为了准确安装四分之一波片,介绍了一种精确确定光路中四分之一波片光轴方位的新方法,并利用米勒矩阵理论分析了影响测量结果的误差因素.测试方法所用的主要理论有米勒矩阵理论、傅里叶分析方法和最小二乘法.该方法利用最小二乘法得到了最优傅里叶系数,利用消光比测试原理实现了检偏棱镜的精确安装,利用反馈环控制系统对步进电机的步进角进行了控制.误差分析表明该方法的测量误差与四分之一波片光轴方位角本身的大小有关.实验结果表明该方法的标准不确定度为0.03.     

A Testable Theory for the Emergence of the Classical World

The transition from the quantum to the classical world is not yet understood. Here, we take a new approach. Central to this is the understanding that measurement and actualization cannot occur except on some specific basis. However, we have no established theory for the emergence of a specific basis. Our framework entails the following: (i) Sets of N entangled quantum variables can mutually actualize one another. (ii) Such actualization must occur in only one of the 2^N possible bases. (iii) Mutual actualization progressively breaks symmetry among the 2^N bases. (iv) An emerging “amplitude” for any basis can be amplified by further measurements in that basis, and it can decay between measurements. (v) The emergence of any basis is driven by mutual measurements among the N variables and decoherence with the environment. Quantum Zeno interactions among the N variables mediates the mutual measurements. (vi) As the number of variables, N, increases, the number of Quantum Zeno mediated measurements among the N variables increases. We note that decoherence alone does not yield a specific basis. (vii) Quantum ordered, quantum critical, and quantum chaotic peptides that decohere at nanosecond versus femtosecond time scales can be used as test objects. (viii) By varying the number of amino acids, N, and the use of quantum ordered, critical, or chaotic peptides, the ratio of decoherence to Quantum Zeno effects can be tuned. This enables new means to probe the emergence of one among a set of initially entangled bases via weak measurements after preparing the system in a mixed basis condition. (ix) Use of the three stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and the five stable isotopes of sulfur allows any ten atoms in the test protein to be discriminably labeled and the basis of emergence for those labeled atoms can be detected by weak measurements. We present an initial mathematical framework for this theory, and we propose experiments.