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排序方式: 共有458条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Robert Ebeh Messanga Auguste Abouem A. Zintchem Mbabi Nyemeck II Norbert Moni Ndedi Esther Del Florence Betote Diboué Patrick Hervé 《Natural product research》2018,32(16):1971-1976
The chemical investigation of the extract of the dried leaves of Rauvolfia caffra (Sond) (synonym Rauvolfia macrophylla) (Apocynaceae) led to isolation of a new glycoside derivative, rauvolfianine (1) as well as six known compounds: oleanolic acid (2), sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), betulinic acid (4), vellosimine (5), sarpagine (6) and D-fructofuranosyl-β-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (7). Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 were evaluated for antitubercular activity. Compounds 1 and 2 were the most active (MIC = 7.8125 and 31.25 μg/mL) towards the Isoniazid resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AC45. Their structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. 相似文献
82.
It has been shown that depending on the catalyst and the solvent used, during the conversion of dibenzyl ether to toluene hydrogenolysis of C-O ether bonds, dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of benzyl alcohol formed, hydrogenation and decarbonylation of benzaldehyde, and the recombination of benzyl radicals and the benzylation of toluene can take place. The activity of catalysts in hydrogenolysis reactions of dibenzyl ether and benzyl alcohol to produce toluene decreases as follows: Pd/C>Pd>Raney Ni>Rh, whereas the selectivity drops down in the order: Raney Ni>Pd>Pd/C>Rh. The reaction rates depend on the solvent and diminish in the order: ethanol>2-propanol>benzene.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1257–1261, July, 1993. 相似文献
83.
Raja L. M. V. Elamvaluthy G. Palaniappan R. Krishnan R. M. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1991,(1):827-841
Propylene oxide (PO), propylene glycol (PG), and polyols are produced from propylene via propylene chlorohydrin. Effluents
from these plants contain biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD) loads besides high chloride concentrations.
The high salinity poses severe problem to adopt conventional methods like activated sludge processes. Presently, a simple,
economically viable and versatile microbiological process has been developed to get more than 90% biodegradation in terms
of BOD/COD, utilizing specially developedPseudomonas andAerobacter. The process can tolerate high salinity up to 10 wt% NaCl or 5 wt% CaCl2 and can withstand wide variations inpH (5.5–11.0) and temperature (15–45°C). The biodegradation of glycols involves two steps. The enzymatic conversion of glycols
to carboxylic and hydroxycarboxylic acids is aided byPseudo- omonas. Further degradation to CO2 and H2O by carboxylic acid utilizingAerobacter, and possible metabolic degradative pathway of glycols are discussed. Various process parameters obtained in the lab scale
(50 L bioreactor) and pilot scale (20 m3 bioreactor), and unique features of our process are also discussed. 相似文献
84.
Bin Zhang Bin Chen Mark Douthwaite Lipeng Tang Yibo Zhang Meng Wang Ding Ma 《中国化学》2020,38(5):439-444
A dual‐templating method was used to synthesize a series of hierarchical carbon supports containing different proportions of spherical macropores (ca. 200 nm in diameter) and mesoporous channels (ca. 4 nm in diameter). These and some other conventional carbon materials were subsequently impregnated with Ni and tested for the conversion of glycerol. The hierarchical catalysts exhibited a significantly higher conversion (96%) and selectivity (77%) to 1,2‐propanediol, and the specificity selectivity coefficient (6.1) towards 1,2‐propanediol against lactic acid was three times higher than that observed over a conventional Ni/Cmicro catalyst (2.1). The enhanced performance of these materials, compared with the Ni nanoparticles supported on conventional carbon supports, was attributed to their high surface areas (> 1110 m2?g?1) and large pore volumes (ca. 0.4 cm3?g?1) permitting greater accessibility of substrate and/or intermediates to Ni active sites. Given that the concentration of accessible Ni sites in these materials is higher, a competitive benzilic‐acid‐rearrangement reaction to produce lactic acid was suppressed, leading to an enhanced hydrogenation selectivity to 1,2‐propanediol. This study evidences the potential benefits, which can be established from utilizing hierarchical support materials in the valorization of biomass. 相似文献
85.
The spatial structure of gels of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC-gel) and carboxymethyl cellulose in the free acid form can be imaged in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The freeze-fracturing technique is suitable for this. Experiments with test preparations (10 % aqueous glycerol solution) show that cooling rates during freeze-fixing are decisive for visualization, and that cooling rates can be improved substantially by using a cryojet. The increase of the cooling rate to more than 15 000 K/s makes it possible to obtain extremely fine network structures with a mesh width of 5–25 nm and with a filament thickness of 2–3 nm. The results obtained after jet-freezing show differences in the structure of the two gels: quasi-crystalline microaggregates in the HCMC-gel can be seen, and they cause an increased elasticity and opalescence of the aged HCMC-gels. 相似文献
86.
Values of the solution enthalpy of are measured and values of solvation enthalpy are calculated for formamide and N,N-two-substituted methyl-and ethylamides of formic and acetic acids in the mixed solvent: water-glycerol. Enthalpy coefficients of pair interactions between amides and glycerol in aqueous solutions are calculated. The influence of mixture composition and also of a structure and properties of the dissolved compounds on enthalpy characteristics is considered. Within the frames of the offered additive scheme the contributions from the structural fragments of molecules of amides to enthalpy characteristics of solutions are established. It has allowed us to analyze quantitatively the role of nonspecific and specific solvation of amides in solution, to predict the enthalpy of evaporation, solution, solvation, the enthalpy coefficients of pair interactions of experimentally unstudied N-methylformamide, N-ethylformamide, N-methyl-N-ethylformamide, N-methylacetamide, N-ethylacetamide, and N-methyl-N-ethylacetamide in the mixtures of water-glycerol, and also to evaluate the donor numbers of these specified amides. 相似文献
87.
L. Giorgio Soldi Yizhak Marcus Michael J. Blandamer Paul M. Cullis 《Journal of solution chemistry》1995,24(3):201-209
Enthalpic pairwise interaction parameters, hjj, were determined by titration calorimetry at 25°C for dilute solutions of glycerol, D-threitol, manitol, and D-glucitol in water. The parameters for these and other polyols conform to the expression hjj (J-kg–1)=145+135nOH–21.5n
OH
2
–41.7
dl
2
-160.5ndlld, where nOH=nC is the number of hydroxyl groups (carbon atoms), ndl is the number of dl configuration of a vicinal pair of OH-groups, and ndlld is the number of such configurations in the polyol molecules. A rationalization of this expression is given. 相似文献
88.
Cp~2TiCl~2-PR^iMgBr体系中二苯乙炔的催化加氢反应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
作者曾研究了炔烃的钛的钛氢化反应, 钛氢络合物是催化剂, 其主要还原剂是格氏试剂。该反应的优点是高度立体选择性和可控性, 但缺点是消耗大量格氏试剂。钱延龙等发现, 在催化剂量Cp~2TiCl~2Pr^iMgBr存在和常温常压下, 烯烃可被氢定量地还原为烷烃。在钛氢络合物存在下, 用色谱法对二苯乙炔与H~2的反应进行了跟踪, 首次发现在常温压下,炔烃经钛氢络合物催化, 也可加氢定量地生成烷烃。反应中间过程有顺式及反式烯烃的生成及转化, 本文确定了最佳反应条件, 提出了初步的反应机理设想。 相似文献
89.
The natural lignin of Allochruza paniculata and Glycyrrhiza glabra is studied by catalytic hydrogenolysis. Three types of lignin structural units are present: guaiacyl, syringyl, and p-coumaryl, which are characteristic of annual and perennial herbaceous plants. The structure of DLA from these plants is confirmed by UV, IR and PMR spectra. 相似文献
90.
S. J. DeLuca K. J. Voorhees T. A. Langworthy G. Holzer 《Journal of separation science》1986,9(3):182-185
The analysis of bacterial glycerol tetraethers by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography is described. Complete separation of ethers, differing only by the number of cyclopentane rings present in the isopranyl side chains could be achieved. On a 50% methylphenylpolysiloxane coated capillary, the ethers eluted in the order of increasing cyclopentane content. The analysis revealed the presence of two previously unreported structural isomers of glycerol tetraethers. The method can be used qualitatively and quantitatively as a fast and sensitive screening test for such compounds in living organisms and sedimentary organic matter. 相似文献