普鲁士蓝修饰电极结合硅溶胶-凝胶技术制备高灵敏葡萄糖传感器

基于普鲁士蓝修饰玻碳电极结合二氧化硅溶胶 凝胶固定化酶技术构造具有“三明治”式结构的酶电极。考察了酶电极对葡萄糖的电化学响应以及操作条件。结果表明 :所制备的传感器在pH 6 .5 ,电位为- 0 .0 5V条件下对葡萄糖在 0～ 5mmol/L呈线性响应 ,响应时间为 12s ,检出限为 0 .0 2mmol/L ,灵敏度高达1 182 μA/ (mmol·L-1)。传感器的稳定性好 ,4 5d其响应值仍保持 90 %。     

Cu2O立方体的快速制备及模板法制备CuxS纳米笼子

首先以NaBH₄作为强还原剂在CuSO₄溶液中快速形成Cu₂O晶核, 然后以葡萄糖为温和的还原剂和保护剂, 由晶核生长成Cu₂O立方体, 并以其为模板制备中空的球状Cu_xS纳米笼子. 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计对产物进行表征. 葡萄糖和铜盐的物质的量的比、加热状况、pH等反应条件影响Cu₂O的形貌. Cu_xS纳米笼子的外壳厚度由参与反应的Cu₂O和Na₂S的物质的量的比决定.     

Ag@SiO2纳米复合物金属增强荧光释放法检测葡萄糖

制备了Ag@SiO2纳米复合物,罗丹明B通过物理掺杂结合在SiO2壳层。由于金属增强荧光效应,罗 丹明B的荧光增强到4.7倍。Ag核易被H2O2氧化,Ag核氧化后产生荧光增强释放效应。基于金属增强荧光 释放建立了一种新型葡萄糖检测方法,采用交联法在罗丹明B掺杂的Ag@SO2纳米复合物的SiO2壳层固定 葡萄糖氧化酶。检测浓度范围为0.2～6.8 mmol/L,检测限可达0.06 mmol/L。由于H2O2氧化Ag核反应迅 速,检测体系对葡萄糖的响应快速。     

浸渍法制备Pd/C催化剂过程中Pd前驱体的平衡吸附量与吸附态

使用不同浓度(0～67%)的硝酸对活性炭载体进行预处理,以H2PdCl4为前驱体,用浸渍法制备理论负载量为5%的Pd/C催化剂.浸渍过程中的吸附实验表明,Pd前驱体的平衡吸附量随预处理硝酸浓度的增加而逐渐减小,尤其是浓硝酸预处理的活性炭载体,其上仅有62.54%的Pd前驱体吸附,而37.46%的Pd前驱体仍在水浆液中.分析发现,Pd前驱体的平衡吸附量主要取决于活性炭的零电荷点,表面电荷模型能较好地描述Pd前驱体的吸附规律.当使用浓度≤5%的硝酸进行预处理时,Pd的粒径随硝酸浓度的增加而减小;当硝酸浓度继续增加时,Pd粒径急剧增大.Pd前驱体的平衡吸附量与Pd粒径的大小无直接关系,而Pd前驱体在活性炭表面上吸附物种及数量的不同也对Pd粒径的大小产生影响.活性炭表面基团的增加抑制了PdClyx-吸附物种的生成.当使用≤5%的硝酸处理活性炭时,Pd前驱体的吸附形态主要为PdClxy-和Pd0;当硝酸浓度>5%时,没有检测到PdClyx-的存在.     

硅溶胶-凝胶包埋纳米金和酶的葡萄糖生物传感器

采用溶胶-凝胶技术将金纳米粒子和葡萄糖氧化酶一次性固定于硅溶胶-凝胶的网络结构中,制备了葡萄糖生物电化学传感器并优化了传感器的制备条件。酶电极对葡萄糖具有良好的电化学响应,葡萄糖浓度在0.02~2.0 mmol/L范围内和催化电流呈线性关系,检出限为0.005 mmol/L。酶电极在4 ℃下贮存100 d后对葡萄糖的响应仅下降8%。该酶电极灵敏度高、响应快、稳定性好。     

Beyond labels: A review of the application of quantum dots as integrated components of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors utilizing optical transduction

A comprehensive review of the development of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors using quantum dots (QDs) as integrated components is presented. In contrast to a QD that is selectively introduced as a label, an integrated QD is one that is present in a system throughout a bioanalysis, and simultaneously has a role in transduction and as a scaffold for biorecognition. Through a diverse array of coatings and bioconjugation strategies, it is possible to use QDs as a scaffold for biorecognition events. The modulation of QD luminescence provides the opportunity for the transduction of these events via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), charge transfer quenching, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). An overview of the basic concepts and principles underlying the use of QDs with each of these transduction methods is provided, along with many examples of their application in biological sensing. The latter include: the detection of small molecules using enzyme-linked methods, or using aptamers as affinity probes; the detection of proteins via immunoassays or aptamers; nucleic acid hybridization assays; and assays for protease or nuclease activity. Strategies for multiplexed detection are highlighted among these examples. Although the majority of developments to date have been in vitro, QD-based methods for ex vivo biological sensing are emerging. Some special attention is given to the development of solid-phase assays, which offer certain advantages over their solution-phase counterparts.     

一种基于PVC膜电极的电位式葡萄糖传感器的研制

以三庚基十二烷基碘代季铵盐为电活性物质的PVC膜电极, 对过氧化氢和六价钼的络合物具有良好的电位响应. 将葡萄糖氧化酶固定到PVC膜电极表面, 制备成电位式葡萄糖传感器. 在优化的实验条件下, 该传感器在葡萄糖浓度为2×10^－4～5×10^－3 mol/L范围内有线性响应, 检测下限为5×10^－5 mol/L. 另外该传感器具有较高的稳定性和良好的选择性, 抗坏血酸、尿酸和一些氨基酸未对测定产生干扰.     

二茂铁功能化Fe3O4/碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合膜葡萄糖生物传感电极的研究

采用交联法制备了羧基二茂铁功能化Fe₃O₄纳米粒子（FMC-AFNPs）复合材料,并将该复合纳米材料与多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）、壳聚糖（CS）及葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）混合修饰于自制的磁性玻碳基底(MGC)表面,制备了GOD/FMC-AFNPs/MWNTs/CS复合膜生物传感器电极. 实验结果表明,FMC-AFNPs复合材料有效地克服了二茂铁在电极表面的泄漏,且FMC-AFNPs/MWNTs/CS复合膜良好的生物兼容性较大地改善了固定化GOD的生物活性. MWNTs具有良好的导电性和大比表面积,在修饰膜内可作为电子传递“导线”,极大地促进电极的电子传递速率,提高电极的电催化活性和灵敏度. 该电极的葡萄糖检测的线性范围为1.0×10^-5 ~ 6.0×10^-3 molL^-1,检测限为3.2×10^-6 mmolL^-1（S/N=3）,表观米氏常数为5.03×10^-3 mmolL^-1,且有较好的稳定性和重现性.     

Enzymetically Regulating the Self‐Healing of Protein Hydrogels with High Healing Efficiency

Enzyme‐mediated self‐healing of dynamic covalent bond‐driven protein hydrogels was realized by the synergy of two enzymes, glucose oxidase (GOX) and catalase (CAT). The reversible covalent attachment of glutaraldehyde to lysine residues of GOX, CAT, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) led to the formation and functionalization of the self‐healing protein hydrogel system. The enzyme‐mediated protein hydrogels exhibit excellent self‐healing properties with 100 % recovery. The self‐healing process was reversible and effective with an external glucose stimulus at room temperature.     

Guanidinoamidized linear polyethyleneimine for gene delivery

Guanidine was introduced to low molecular weight linear polyethyleneimine(LPEI) via amide groups, to explore the effect of both guanidine degree and pendant chain length on its transfection behavior. The resulting guanidinoamidized LPEIs(GLPEIs) could dramatically reduce LPEI's toxicity, enhance its DNA-packaging capability, cellular uptake and therefore transfection efficiency. These polyplexes were taken up very efficiently via caveolae-mediated endocytosis and their transfection efficiencies in ovarian cancer cells were significantly improved compared to native LPEI10 k polyplexes. Among these GLPEIs, LPEI-C3-G100 showed higher DNA affinity even than LPEI25 k and the highest transfection efficiency, probably due to the optimization of polymer chain flexibility. Of notice, LPEI-C3-G100 polyplexes could more effectively accumulate into cytoplasm than LPEI25 k, although the transfection efficiency of LPEI-C3-G100 polyplexes was not superior to that of LPEI25 k polyplexes, which would be probably attributed to the more efficient release of LPEI25 k polyplexes than LPEI-C3-G100 polyplexes in the cytoplasm.