基于改进梯度投影NMF和复Contourlet变换的遥感图像融合

为了尽可能地保留全色图像的空间信息和多光谱图像的光谱信息,提出了一种基于改进梯度投影非负矩阵分解和复Contourlet变换的遥感图像融合方法.首先,以多光谱图像的强度分量图像为标准,对全色图像做直方图匹配,得到新的全色图像;然后,利用复Contourlet变换分别分解多光谱图像的强度分量图像和新的全色图像,得到各自对应的低频分量和高频分量;接着,对两幅低频分量图像采用改进梯度投影的非负矩阵分解作为融合规则获取新的低频分量,并对两幅高频分量图像使用系数绝对值较大法获取新的高频分量;最后,通过逆复Contourlet变换和逆色调-饱和度-强度变换获得融合后的图像.大量实验结果表明,与HSI方法、NMF与无下采样Contourlet变换结合的方法以及提升小波变换与HSI结合的方法相比,本文方法获得的融合图像具有更高的空间分辨率和更多的光谱信息.     

基于成像光谱仪MODIS的近十年武汉水汽含量变化分析

应用中分辨率成像光谱仪近红外通道数据进行大气水汽含量反演.采用三通道比值加权平均法用于武汉地区大气水汽含量反演,将反演结果与EOS发布的水汽产品进行对比,验证了该反演算法的可信性.借助遥感影像处理软件ENVI,利用三通道比值加权平均法反演了武汉地区近十年（2001-2011）的大气水汽含量,结合武汉地区实际地理位置、气候条件和城市发展现状,分析了武汉地区大气水汽含量变化.结果表明：武汉地区大气水汽含量在秋季和冬季呈明显减少趋势.借助统计软件SPSS对中分辨率成像光谱仪反演的大气水汽含量与地面气象探测因子气压、气温和相对湿度之间做回归分析,结果表明：大气水汽含量与气温呈正相关,气压呈负相关,和相对湿度的相关性不大,但在温度一定时,两者呈正相关.     

基于扇束双投影方向的改进迭代层析成像算法

提出一种适用于气体扩散分布重建的改进代数迭代算法.针对投影射线扇束构型及双投影方向,在算法迭代步骤中引入先验矩阵,对迭代结果间隔性地进行中值滤波.以高斯烟羽模型为测试对象,分析迭代次数、松弛因子及不同滤波器使用策略对重建结果的影响,结果表明：迭代次数为500次,松弛因子为2时,均方误差、峰值相对误差基本收敛,并将波峰控制在一定范围内.改进代数迭代算法的均方误差、峰值相对误差重建指标优于传统代数迭代重建算法;同时,改进后算法能够准确定位波峰,完成尾峰重建,具有较强的抗噪性.     

基于稀疏表示的可见光遥感图像飞机检测算法

为解决当前遥感图像飞机检测方法在复杂背景下准确率低,实现旋转不变困难的问题,结合图像稀疏表示原理,提出一种基于稀疏表示的飞机检测算法.该算法首先利用飞机是刚性目标且具有明显几何外观的特点,构建飞机几何原子库;然后建立飞机轮廓几何逼近的最优化方程,在稀疏表示原理框架下,得到飞机轮廓最优的几何部件组合;最后,以星型结构的部件模型为框架,生成待检测图像的目标显著图并根据显著图定位出飞机.实验结果表明,稀疏表示方法能自适应选取飞机部件,部件数目较少且不易受光照、颜色和复杂背景的影响.与现有算法相比,本文算法准确率达90%以上,检测速度有较大的提高.     

核-壳结构TiO2@Pt复合纳米颗粒修饰的葡萄糖生物传感器

制备了核-壳结构的TiO2@Pt复合纳米颗粒,并修饰于恒电位沉积的普鲁士蓝-壳聚糖（PB-CS）杂化膜表面,以固定葡萄糖氧化酶。由于TiO2@Pt复合纳米颗粒的引入显著增大了传感器的导电性和酶的固载量,同时CS的掺杂,防止了PB的泄露,使得传感器对葡萄糖具有较好的催化作用。该传感器在1.2×10-6~1.1×10-3mol?L-1范围内,响应电流与葡萄糖浓度呈良好的线性,相关系数（r）为0.9986,检出限（S/N=3）达到4.0×10-7mol?L-1,灵敏度为13.31mA?mol?L-1?cm-2。对0.3mmol?L-1的葡萄糖标准溶液连续检测5次,其相对标准偏差为3.8%。     

基于超临界流体技术制备葡萄糖脂质体的实验研究

脂质体由于其特殊的结构和性能,是一种很有发展潜力的药物载体,在医药和化妆品等行业具有广阔的应用前景。超临界逆向蒸发法是用超临界流体代替有机溶剂制备脂质体的方法,具有对水溶性药物脂质体制备过程简单、包覆率高等特点。以葡萄糖为模型药物,利用该方法制备出了葡萄糖脂质体,并详细考察了不同工艺条件对脂质体粒径和包覆率的影响。结果表明：用超临界逆向蒸发法可成功地制备出最小粒径为290 nm、包覆率最高可达41.3%的葡萄糖脂质体。压力、温度和平衡时间对粒径和包覆率都有较大的影响。压力在10~30 MPa时,随压力的增加,脂质体粒径显著减小至某一值后,基本趋于稳定,而包覆率逐渐增加,达到25.7%~27.5%,随后包覆率逐渐减小;温度在35~65 ℃时,随温度的增加粒径显著减小至最小值,然后逐渐增大,而包覆率一直增大,最高可达41.3%;平衡时间在15~45 min时,随平衡时间的增加,粒径相对稳定,而包覆率显著增加,超过45 min之后,粒径显著增加,包覆率显著下降。

     

中国科大光力学工作进展

中国科学技术大学光力学实验室近年从事实验力学方法在红外成像、金属物理学以及生化传感等交叉领域的研究,为实验力学带来了新的研究内容,也为相关领域的研究开辟出独特的途径。本文拟对该小组近年来取得的研究进展作一个概述：1）提出微梁阵列FPA变形的高灵敏光学检测法,设计制作出相应的FPA,实现了新概念光学读出红外成像,热成像指标处于国际领先;2）提出用动态散斑研究合金材料锯齿形屈服剪切带,建立了溶质原子与位错交互作用的动态应变时效模型,再现出锯齿形加载曲线和带反复传播的轨迹;3）提出用微梁传感研究大分子／蛋白质构象折叠,检测到构象转变过程中分子间力的相互作用信息和折叠动力学过程,为研究大分子折叠机理提供了一种新途径。     

Fleet algorithm for X-ray pulsar profile construction and TOA solution based on compressed sensing

X-ray pulse profile and time of arrival (TOA) are the two important physical quantities for pulsar navigation. With the standard and integrated X-ray pulse profiles modeled, X-ray pulse profile construction is studied and TOA is solved using compressed sensing (CS) technology. The observation matrix and waveform complete dictionary are mainly examined. A column vector-based matching pursuit algorithm is presented. The feasibility of obtaining X-ray pulse profile construction by compressed sensing technology is verified by numerical simulation. Compared with the X-ray pulse profile construction method based on epoch folding, the proposed method exhibits improved real-time performance, and its detection time for integrated X-ray pulse profile could be reduced by one order of magnitude. This proposed method can also solve for TOA solution and construct the X-ray pulse profile simultaneously, which is essential to improve pulsar navigation efficiency.     

Cryptanalysis and improvement of a binary watermark-based copyright protection scheme for remote sensing images

The copyright protection of the remote sensing images is becoming a hot research topic in recent years. By considering the characteristics of the binary image, Zhu et al. proposed a new digital watermarking algorithm to protect the copyright of remote sensing images effectively. However, Zhu et al.’s scheme is not secure under the novel attack method proposed in this paper. While keeping the visual quality of the protected original image unchanged, the embedded watermark can be replaced with another watermark if the attacker has the host image carrying the other watermark. Thus the copyright of the original image changes and the copyright protection fail. To overcome the insecurity, a chaos-based improvement measure is proposed, in which the performance is the same as before. Analysis, proof, and experiment show that our methods are feasible and effective.     

Microbial biofilm modulation by ultrasound: Current concepts and controversies

Biofilm elimination is often necessary during antimicrobial therapy or industrial medical manufacturing decontamination. In this context, ultrasound treatment has been frequently described in the literature for its antibiofilm effectiveness, but at the same time, various authors have described ultrasound as a formidable enhancer of bacterial viability. This discrepancy has found no solution in the current literature for around 9 years; some works have shown that every time bacteria are exposed to an ultrasonic field, both destruction and stimulation phenomena co-exist. This co-existence proves to have different final effects based on various factors such as: ultrasound frequency and intensity, the bacterial species involved, the material used for ultrasound diffusion, the presence of cavitation effects and the forms of bacterial planktonic or biofilm.The aim of this work is to analyze current concepts regarding ultrasound effect on prokaryotic cells, and in particular ultrasound activity on bacterial biofilm.