278.15～318.15 K下葡萄糖在盐酸中的体积性质

测定了278.15～318.15 K(间隔10 K)下葡萄糖＋HCl＋水三元体系的密度, 计算了葡萄糖在盐酸(浓度0.2～2.1 mol•kg^–1)中的表观摩尔体积V_Φ,G、标准偏摩尔体积V⁰_Φ,G、葡萄糖-HCl在水中的体积对相互作用参数V_EG和标准偏摩尔膨胀系数(∂V⁰_Φ,G/∂T)_p. 结果表明: (1)葡萄糖在盐酸中的表观摩尔体积随葡萄糖和HCl的浓度的增加而线性增大; (2) V⁰_Φ,G随HCl的质量摩尔浓度的增加而线性增大; (3)葡萄糖与HCl在水溶液中的体积相互作用参数V_EG＞0, 但数值对温度变化不甚敏感; (4)葡萄糖在水和盐酸中的V⁰_Φ,G值随实验温度的变化关系均可表示为: V⁰_Φ,G＝a₀＋a₁(T－273.15 K) ^2/3; (5) (∂V⁰_Φ,G/∂T)_p为正值且随温度的升高而减小; 在一定温度下, 其值随HCl浓度的增加而稍稍减小. 糖的水化程度随温度的升高和HCl的浓度的增加而减小. 用结构相互作用模型对葡萄糖与HCl之间的体积相互作用进行了解释.     

普鲁士蓝修饰电极结合硅溶胶-凝胶技术制备高灵敏葡萄糖传感器

基于普鲁士蓝修饰玻碳电极结合二氧化硅溶胶 凝胶固定化酶技术构造具有“三明治”式结构的酶电极。考察了酶电极对葡萄糖的电化学响应以及操作条件。结果表明 :所制备的传感器在pH 6 .5 ,电位为- 0 .0 5V条件下对葡萄糖在 0～ 5mmol/L呈线性响应 ,响应时间为 12s ,检出限为 0 .0 2mmol/L ,灵敏度高达1 182 μA/ (mmol·L-1)。传感器的稳定性好 ,4 5d其响应值仍保持 90 %。     

Cu2O立方体的快速制备及模板法制备CuxS纳米笼子

首先以NaBH₄作为强还原剂在CuSO₄溶液中快速形成Cu₂O晶核, 然后以葡萄糖为温和的还原剂和保护剂, 由晶核生长成Cu₂O立方体, 并以其为模板制备中空的球状Cu_xS纳米笼子. 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计对产物进行表征. 葡萄糖和铜盐的物质的量的比、加热状况、pH等反应条件影响Cu₂O的形貌. Cu_xS纳米笼子的外壳厚度由参与反应的Cu₂O和Na₂S的物质的量的比决定.     

Ag@SiO2纳米复合物金属增强荧光释放法检测葡萄糖

制备了Ag@SiO2纳米复合物,罗丹明B通过物理掺杂结合在SiO2壳层。由于金属增强荧光效应,罗 丹明B的荧光增强到4.7倍。Ag核易被H2O2氧化,Ag核氧化后产生荧光增强释放效应。基于金属增强荧光 释放建立了一种新型葡萄糖检测方法,采用交联法在罗丹明B掺杂的Ag@SO2纳米复合物的SiO2壳层固定 葡萄糖氧化酶。检测浓度范围为0.2～6.8 mmol/L,检测限可达0.06 mmol/L。由于H2O2氧化Ag核反应迅 速,检测体系对葡萄糖的响应快速。     

硅溶胶-凝胶包埋纳米金和酶的葡萄糖生物传感器

采用溶胶-凝胶技术将金纳米粒子和葡萄糖氧化酶一次性固定于硅溶胶-凝胶的网络结构中,制备了葡萄糖生物电化学传感器并优化了传感器的制备条件。酶电极对葡萄糖具有良好的电化学响应,葡萄糖浓度在0.02~2.0 mmol/L范围内和催化电流呈线性关系,检出限为0.005 mmol/L。酶电极在4 ℃下贮存100 d后对葡萄糖的响应仅下降8%。该酶电极灵敏度高、响应快、稳定性好。     

Beyond labels: A review of the application of quantum dots as integrated components of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors utilizing optical transduction

A comprehensive review of the development of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors using quantum dots (QDs) as integrated components is presented. In contrast to a QD that is selectively introduced as a label, an integrated QD is one that is present in a system throughout a bioanalysis, and simultaneously has a role in transduction and as a scaffold for biorecognition. Through a diverse array of coatings and bioconjugation strategies, it is possible to use QDs as a scaffold for biorecognition events. The modulation of QD luminescence provides the opportunity for the transduction of these events via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), charge transfer quenching, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). An overview of the basic concepts and principles underlying the use of QDs with each of these transduction methods is provided, along with many examples of their application in biological sensing. The latter include: the detection of small molecules using enzyme-linked methods, or using aptamers as affinity probes; the detection of proteins via immunoassays or aptamers; nucleic acid hybridization assays; and assays for protease or nuclease activity. Strategies for multiplexed detection are highlighted among these examples. Although the majority of developments to date have been in vitro, QD-based methods for ex vivo biological sensing are emerging. Some special attention is given to the development of solid-phase assays, which offer certain advantages over their solution-phase counterparts.     

一种基于PVC膜电极的电位式葡萄糖传感器的研制

以三庚基十二烷基碘代季铵盐为电活性物质的PVC膜电极, 对过氧化氢和六价钼的络合物具有良好的电位响应. 将葡萄糖氧化酶固定到PVC膜电极表面, 制备成电位式葡萄糖传感器. 在优化的实验条件下, 该传感器在葡萄糖浓度为2×10^－4～5×10^－3 mol/L范围内有线性响应, 检测下限为5×10^－5 mol/L. 另外该传感器具有较高的稳定性和良好的选择性, 抗坏血酸、尿酸和一些氨基酸未对测定产生干扰.     

二茂铁功能化Fe3O4/碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合膜葡萄糖生物传感电极的研究

采用交联法制备了羧基二茂铁功能化Fe₃O₄纳米粒子（FMC-AFNPs）复合材料,并将该复合纳米材料与多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）、壳聚糖（CS）及葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）混合修饰于自制的磁性玻碳基底(MGC)表面,制备了GOD/FMC-AFNPs/MWNTs/CS复合膜生物传感器电极. 实验结果表明,FMC-AFNPs复合材料有效地克服了二茂铁在电极表面的泄漏,且FMC-AFNPs/MWNTs/CS复合膜良好的生物兼容性较大地改善了固定化GOD的生物活性. MWNTs具有良好的导电性和大比表面积,在修饰膜内可作为电子传递“导线”,极大地促进电极的电子传递速率,提高电极的电催化活性和灵敏度. 该电极的葡萄糖检测的线性范围为1.0×10^-5 ~ 6.0×10^-3 molL^-1,检测限为3.2×10^-6 mmolL^-1（S/N=3）,表观米氏常数为5.03×10^-3 mmolL^-1,且有较好的稳定性和重现性.     

Enzymetically Regulating the Self‐Healing of Protein Hydrogels with High Healing Efficiency

Enzyme‐mediated self‐healing of dynamic covalent bond‐driven protein hydrogels was realized by the synergy of two enzymes, glucose oxidase (GOX) and catalase (CAT). The reversible covalent attachment of glutaraldehyde to lysine residues of GOX, CAT, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) led to the formation and functionalization of the self‐healing protein hydrogel system. The enzyme‐mediated protein hydrogels exhibit excellent self‐healing properties with 100 % recovery. The self‐healing process was reversible and effective with an external glucose stimulus at room temperature.     

葡萄糖对溶胶凝胶法制备Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2正极材料性能的影响

利用XRD、SEM、EDS、BET、激光粒度、循环伏安、恒流充放电、交流阻抗方法研究了葡萄糖为碳源对溶胶凝胶法制备Li_1.2Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂正极材料的结构、形貌以及电化学性能的影响.结果表明：与前驱体中未加入葡萄糖所制备的材料相比,掺葡萄糖后样品颗粒分布相对均匀,粒径变小,D₅₀从11.56减小至9.94 μm,比表面积增加近1倍.经0.05C充放电活化后,未掺葡萄糖和掺葡萄糖样品0.2C放电比容量分别为183.4、211.6 mAh·g^-1,2C容量分别为其0.2C的62.2%、77.6%.1C循环50次后放电比容量分别为133.3、173.6 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率分别为95.1%、100%.掺葡萄糖可降低首次不可逆容量损失,提高材料的倍率性能与循环稳定性,减少电荷传递阻抗、Warburg阻抗以及双电层弥散效应,但不改变材料的晶型结构.