Correlation of Cooperatively Localized Rearrangement on the “Fluidized Domain”of Polymers to Their Nonexponentially Viscoelastic Behavior and Lifetime at Double Aging Processes II: Estimation of Long-term Mechanical Behavior and Lifetime of Polymeric Mate

Three kinds of polymeric materials are taken as example for the verification of linear ex-trapolation method from unified master lines with reduced universal equations on creep and stress relaxation tests. The theoretical values of long-term mechanical behavior and lifetime for a cured epoxide, polypropylene, poly(methyl-methacrylate), and SBR rubber are directly evaluated with the universal equations on reduced creep compliance and reduced stress relax-ation modulus and are compared with their predicted values by the linear extrapolation from the unified master lines of creep and stress relaxation. The results show that the theoretical values of dimensional stability, bearing ability and lifetime are in an excellent agreement with the predicted values, it shows that the linear extrapolation method is more simple and reliable. The dependences of long-term mechanical behaviors and lifetime on the different aging times are discussed.     

Lab-scale testing of a low-loaded activated sludge process with membrane filtration

Two membrane bioreactors (MBRs; volume = 300 L) equipped with different types of immersed membrane modules were operated simultaneously under the same laboratory conditions as a low-loaded activated sludge process without any membrane regeneration and excess sludge uptake (sludge retention time SRT up to 170 d; activated sludge concentration MLSS up to 11 g L⁻¹). The aim was to verify the quality of treated water and to study the properties of "very old" activated sludge. Another aim was to compare different selected membrane types and choose the best one for further pilot-scale testing. Presented at the 35th International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 26–30 May 2008.     

提升学生科研创新能力的应用化学专业实验课程教学体系建设

针对专业实验课程教学体系和教学方式进行了改革探索。从化学实验技能培养出发,以学生为主体,建立分层次的实验教学体系和开放的实验教学模式。在夯实学生的基础实验技能基础上,加强综合实验能力训练,逐步培养学生的科学研究意识和科学研究能力。     

高中生化学符号表征能力的测评研究

学生化学符号表征能力的高低,直接影响学生能否科学地思考和解决化学问题,反映了学生化学学习的水平。依据化学学习的特点,对化学符号表征能力进行了水平构建,开发和优化了测量工具,并且实施了能力测量及数据分析。研究显示符号表征能力测量工具具有良好的信度、效度。大样本测试数据表明：高一和高二学生的符号表征能力并没有显著性差异,而都与高三学生有显著性差异;3类不同层次学校的学生在符号表征能力上具有显著性差异;男生的符号表征能力高于女生。     

基于应用型创新人才培养的实验教学模式研究

为培养应用型创新人才,构建了无机及分析化学实验教学模式实施方案,提出具体实施办法,展望预期效果,指出需要解决的问题。该模式倡导以校内教学为主导,企业、社会共同参与的“学产结合”、“学研结合”方式,鼓励学生参与到实际生产、社会服务和科学研究中去,学生的创新能力和社会适应能力将得到提高。     

A CO2-Switchable Polymer Surfactant Copolymerized with DMAEMA and AM as a Heavy Oil Emulsifier

A CO₂-switchable polymer surfactant was synthesized with acrylamide (AM) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The changes in conductivity, particle size, and ζ-potential were adopted to illustrate its switchability. The CMC of the surfactant was determined by the break point of the curve of surface tension versus concentration. An oil emulsion with 8 g/L surfactant almost reached the highest stability. The thermodynamic stability of the emulsion decreased sharply upon increase of the temperature. Adding an inorganic salt was hard to affect the emulsion stability because the surfactant is non-ionic. The emulsion could maintain its stability even if the concentration of NaCl was as high as 10 g/L. The emulsion could easily be broken by bubbling CO₂. Its dehydration rate was 155 times faster than that without the presence of CO₂, and the amount of residual oil in water was only 32.22 ppm, which displayed brilliant performance of de-emulsification.     

胶质液态泡沫的萃取性能

制备了包含萃取剂的胶质液态泡沫（ＣＬＡ）,测定了包含Ｎ１９２３或ＴＢＰ的ＣＬＡ萃取醋酸的性能,以及包含Ｐ５０７的ＣＬＡ萃取稀土离子时稀土在ＣＬＡ水质滑腻壳层中的渗透系数．结果表明将萃取剂包含于ＣＬＡ中,对其粒径、粘度及稳定性等不产生明显影响,但对萃取分配及传质十分有利．     

INTROMISSION OF WATER-REPELLENT AND HYDROSCOPIC PROPERTIES SIMULTANEOUSLY TO PP BY PLASMA DISCHARGE METHOD

Plasma-induced surface graft copolymerization of acrylic acid on polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP-g-AA) and polypropylene membrane were reported. The extents of grafting were controlled by the plasma and polymerization condition. Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide was then coupled with the carboxyl group of PP-g-AA to obtain a polyion complex (PIC). At last, CF4 plasma was used to give PICs hydrophobic property. The moisture regain and water-repellency of the processed PICs was investigated. The surfaces were characterized using ATR FT-IR and XPS. The result indicates that the products have very high ability to adsorb moisture, even better than cotton fiber. At the same time, the products show excellent hydrophobic property, which can‘t be wetted by those reagents whose surface tensions were higher than 327mN/m.