Sugar conjugates of fulvestrant (ICI 182,780): efficient general procedures for glycosylation of the fulvestrant core

We have prepared glucose and cellobiose conjugates at the phenolic 3- and hydroxylic 17-positions of the pure anti-estrogenic compound fulvestrant (ICI 182,780), which has recently been approved in the USA for the treatment of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. Glycosylation at the 17-position was achieved most effectively using pivaloyl protection of the sugar imidates employed, which we found suppressed the competing transacylation reaction and led to improved yields of the product glycosides.     

A density functional theory computational study of the role of ligand on the stability of CuI and CuII species associated with ATRP and SET‐LRP

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and single electron‐transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) both utilize copper complexes of various oxidation states with N‐ligands to perform their respective activation and deactivation steps. Herein, we utilize DFT (B3YLP) methods to determine the preferred ligand‐binding geometries for Cu/N‐ligand complexes related to ATRP and SET‐LRP. We find that those ligands capable of achieving tetrahedral complexes with Cu^I and trigonal bipyramidal with axial halide complexes with [Cu^IIX]⁺ have higher energies of stabilization. We were able to correlate calculated preferential stabilization of [Cu^IIX]⁺ with those ligands that perform best in SET‐LRP. A crude calculation of energy of disproportionation revealed that the same preferential binding of [Cu^IIX]⁺ results in increased propensity for disproportionation. Finally, by examining the relative energies of the basic steps of ATRP and SET‐LRP, we were able to rationalize the transition from the ATRP mechanism to the SET‐LRP mechanism as we transition from typical nonpolar ATRP solvents to polar SET‐LRP solvents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4950–4964, 2007     

“String” formulation of the dynamics of the forward interest rate curve

We propose a formulation of the term structure of interest rates in which the forward curve is seen as the deformation of a string. We derive the general condition that the partial differential equations governing the motion of such string must obey in order to account for the condition of absence of arbitrage opportunities. This condition takes a form similar to a fluctuation-dissipation theorem, albeit on the same quantity (the forward rate), linking the bias to the covariance of variation fluctuations. We provide the general structure of the models that obey this constraint in the framework of stochastic partial (possibly non-linear) differential equations. We derive the general solution for the pricing and hedging of interest rate derivatives within this framework, albeit for the linear case (we also provide in the appendix a simple and intuitive derivation of the standard European option problem). We also show how the “string” formulation simplifies into a standard N-factor model under a Galerkin approximation. Received: 30 January 1998 / Revised: 12 February 1998 / Accepted: 16 February 1998     

On the use of the Galerkin method for 3D numerical modelling of the general circulation: the South Atlantic eperiment

A linear three‐dimensional hydrodynamical numerical model, with the application of the Galerkin Method for the vertical dependence, is here presented. The spherical coordinate system is used, in order to allow large‐scale simulations. The equations and mathematical development of the model are shown in detail, together with the boundary and initial conditions, and the sequence of equations' solution. The model is applied to the South Atlantic Ocean, for estimating typical seasonal circulations, and the results are summarized in maps of currents at surface and 1000 m depth, and in transport values of the Brazil Current between 30°S and 40°S. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Glafka 2004: Generalizing Quantum Mechanics for Quantum Gravity

Familiar quantum mechanics assumes a fixed spacetime geometry. Quantummechanics must therefore be generalized for quantum gravity where spacetime geometry is not fixed but rather a quantum variable. This extended abstract sketches a fully fourdimensional generalized quantum mechnics of cosmological spacetime geometries that is one such generalization.This contribution to the proceedings of the Glafka Conference is an extended abstract of the author's talk there. More details can be found in the references cited at the end of the abstract expecially (Hartle, 1995).     

Caristi 不动点定理的推广及应用

本文推广了古典的Garisti不动点定理,作为应用,古典的Ekeland变分原理得到了推广,并且证明了推广的Garisti不动点定理和推广的Ekeland变分原理是等价的．     

新型稀土芳香羧酸类配合物的合成及其光致和电致发光性质

合成了新型可溶性稀土芳香羧酸类配合物，测定了有机配体的三重态能级，并考察了其光致发光相对强度、荧光寿命，发现该系列稀土配合物具有很高的光致发光效率。利用其优良的溶解性，采用高聚物掺杂、旋涂技术将其制成薄膜应用于电致发光研究中，成功地制备出具有高色纯度的稀土有机电致发光器件。对于ITO／PVK／PVK：Tb(AS)3Phen：PBD／PBD／Al电致发光器件，其最大亮度为32cd．m^-2。