LS-SVM的梨可溶性固形物近红外光谱检测的特征波长筛选

为提高梨可溶性固形物含量(soluble solids content,SSC)的近红外光谱模型的精度和稳定性,以160个梨样品为实验对象,分别对原始光谱、多元散射校正(MSC)和标准正态变量变换(SNV)处理后的光谱,经无信息变量消除算法(UVE)挑选后,再结合遗传算法(GA)和连续投影算法(SPA),筛选梨可溶性固形物的近红外光谱特征波长。将筛选后的波长作为输入变量建立梨可溶性固形物的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)模型。结果表明经过SNV-UVE-GA-SPA从全波段3112个波长中筛选出的30个特征波长建立的梨可溶性固形物LS-SVM模型效果最好,该模型的预测集相关系数(R_p)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.956和0.271。该模型简单可靠,预测效果好,能满足梨的可溶性固形物含量的快速检测,为在线检测和便携式设备开发提供了理论基础。     

灰度关联分析结合支持向量机用于近红外光谱研究

灰度关联分析是通过关联度的计算来理清系统中各因素之间的主次关系,找出影响较大的因素。简述了灰度关联分析的基本原理,并利用其对180个烟草样品的近红外谱进行了谱区优化,选取其中120个样品用于建模,另外60个样品用于模型检验。进一步利用偏最小二乘法和径向基支持向量机法分别建立了烟草样品的总糖、还原糖、烟碱及总氮的定量分析模型。结果表明,将灰度关联分析与支持向量机法联合用于烟草近红外光谱四个组分的定量分析,其模型的泛化能力和预测精度均有较明显的提高,从而能够有效地提高建模效率。     

Flux vector splitting solutions for coupling hydraulic transient of gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow in pipelines

The gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixed flow is the most general in multiphase mixed transportation. It is significant to exactly solve the coupling hydraulic transient problems of this type of multiphase mixed flow in pipelines. Presently, the method of characteristics is widely used to solve classical hydraulic transient problems. However, when it is used to solve coupling hydraulic transient problems, excessive interpolation errors may be introduced into the results due to unavoidable multiwave interpolated calculations. To deal with the problem, a finite difference scheme based on the Steger-Warming flux vector splitting is proposed. A flux vector splitting scheme is established for the coupling hydraulic transient model of gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixed flow in the pipelines. The flux subvectors are then discretized by the Lax-Wendroff central difference scheme and the Warming-Beam upwind difference scheme with second-order precision in both time and space. Under the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and the corresponding boundary conditions, an effective solution to those points located at the boundaries is developed, which can avoid the problem beyond the calculation region directly induced by the second-order discrete technique. Numerical and experimental verifications indicate that the proposed scheme has several desirable advantages including high calculation precision, excellent shock wave capture capability without false numerical oscillation, low sensitivity to the Courant number, and good stability.     

A mass-matrix formulation of unsteady fluctuation splitting schemes consistent with Roe’s parameter vector

A mass-matrix formulation of the fluctuation splitting schemes for solving compressible, unsteady flows is proposed. This formulation is consistent with the conservative linearisation based on parameter vector and allows to extend to unsteady flows the ‘invariance under similarity transformations’ property that had been shown to hold for the steady version of the schemes. Second-order time accuracy is achieved using a Petrov–Galerkin finite element interpretation of the fluctuation splitting schemes. The approach may however be readily applicable to all other time-accurate fluctuation splitting formulations that have been so far proposed in the literature. Applications of the proposed methodology to two- and three-dimensional, inviscid and viscous compressible flows are reported and discussed in the paper.     

基于高光谱成像技术的番茄叶片灰霉病早期检测研究

提出了独立软模式法(SIMCA)的番茄叶片灰霉病特征波段图像的提取,并通过多元线性回归法(MLR)提取波段融合图像,通过最小距离法获取番茄灰霉病患病信息的技术路线。利用680～740 nm波段的方差图像和建模能力参数提取的特征波段,并作为输入变量进行MLR分析,在0.5准确率阈值下,准确率均大于99%,说明特征波段可以实现番茄叶片灰霉病的检测,并利用MLR回归系数提取波段融合图像,通过最小距离法获取番茄灰霉病患病信息,结果表明所提出的方法具有很好的预测能力,为番茄灰霉病的早期检测提供了一种新方法,且大大降低了高光谱图像的数据处理时间。     

Optimization of highly nonlinear dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation

A simple type of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for supercontinuum generation is proposed for the first time. The proposed PCF is composed of a solid silica core and a cladding with square lattice uniform elliptical air holes, which offers not only a large nonlinear coefficient but also a high birefringence and low leakage losses. The PCF with nonlinear coefficient as large as 46 W 1 · km-1 at the wavelength of 1.55 μm and a total dispersion as low as ±2.5 ps · nm-1 · km-1 over an ultra-broad waveband range of the S-C-L band (wavelength from 1.46 μm to 1.625 μm) is optimized by adjusting its structure parameter, such as the lattice constant Λ , the air-filling fraction f , and the air-hole ellipticity η. The novel PCF with ultra-flattened dispersion, highly nonlinear coefficient, and nearly zero negative dispersion slope will offer a possibility of efficient super-continuum generation in telecommunication windows using a few ps pulses.     

基于梯度矢量流和主动轮廓模型的海陆边界提取

利用边缘检测与主动轮廓模型组合的方法可提取海陆边界线,但易受轮廓跟踪的缺点影响.在该方法的基础上,利用边缘检测与梯度矢量流的有向力作用生成初始轮廓线,再使用主动轮廓模型对初始轮廓线进行调整,得到精确的海陆边界.实验证明该方法可简便地生成有效的初始轮廓线并准确提取海陆边界,避免使用轮廓跟踪法.该方法可利用GIS数据辅助以简化提取流程.     

牵张力使大鼠实验性牙齿移动对PTHrP表达的影响

通过探讨牵张力对甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(Parathyroid hormone related protein,PTHrP)表达、分布的影响,为深入了解正畸牙齿移动过程的骨改建机理提供参考,本文使用体重200±20g、6～8W龄的健康雄性Wistar大鼠42只适应性喂养1W后随机分为7组,每组6只。选择每只大鼠的左侧上颌第一磨牙作为实验牙,以左侧上颌切牙作为支抗牙,安装正畸用0.012英寸(inch)步镍钛螺旋拉簧,力值为50g(0.49N)。分别于安装牙齿移动装置后1d、3d、5d、7d、14d、21d处死实验组大鼠,取含左侧上颌第一磨牙及其周围牙槽骨的组织块,常规进行HE染色和SABC法免疫组织化学染色。利用图像分析系统(0BI200高清晰度彩色病理图文分析系统),对每张免疫组化染色后的切片做定量分析。SPSS17.0建立数据库并进行统计学分析,显示在张力区牙周膜及牙槽骨组织中的成骨细胞、成纤维细胞以及间充质细胞PTHrP呈阳性表达,且张力区牙周组织中PTHrP的表达在加力第5天达到高峰。表明PTHrP牙周组织的改建有一定的调节作用,使张力区与压力区向不同的方向发展。     

捷联惯导姿态误差模型分析

捷联惯性导航系统以数字平台代替了平台惯导的机械平台。所谓数字平台,即存储在导航计算机中的坐标变换矩阵。四元数和旋转矢量是用来描述捷联惯导系统姿态的两种常用方法。传统的线性误差模型如psi角误差模型、等效倾角误差模型,仅仅适用于误差角非常小的情况。对于误差角比较大的系统,误差模型变得非线性,由此引入旋转矢量误差模型。通过对加性四元数、乘性四元数以及旋转矢量误差模型的分析表明,三者是等价的,并且当误差角很小的时候,乘性四元数误差模型和旋转矢量误差模型可以退化为等效倾角误差模型。     

基于脉冲影响的向量双曲型方程的振动性

研究一类基于脉冲影响的向量双曲型偏微分方程的振动性,利用H-振动的概念及脉冲微分不等式,建立了该类方程在Dirichlet边值条件下所有解H-振动的若干充分条件,这里H是Rm中的单位向量.