Influence of the mesophase structure on the β-relaxation in liquid crystalline poly(meth)acrylates

The dependence of the rotation of the mesogenic unit around its long axis (β-relaxation) on the actual mesophase in liqid crystalline polymethacrylates and polyacrylates was studied by dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range from 10⁻² Hz to 10⁶ Hz and in a temperature range from 170 K to 430 K. As mesogenic units derivatives of (p-alkoxy-phenyl)-benzoate were used where different mesophases were achieved by small variation of the mesogenic structure, the spacer length and the tail group of the mesogenic unit. For all samples the temperature dependence of the relaxation rate of the β-relaxation can be described by an Arrhenius equation where both the pre-exponential factor and the activation energy increase significantly with the order of the mesophase. To characterize the structure X-ray measurements were also carried out. The mean lateral mesogenic distance was correlated directly with relaxational quantities.     

“元素化学实验”中的“异常”现象(一)--Mn元素化学实验中的“异常”现象及其探析

大一学生在“元素化学实验”教学过程中,对反应条件如温度、催化剂、酸度、浓度或试剂用量等因素的影响考虑不周,可能出现某些实验现象和预想的或理论分析的结果不一致的“异常”现象。本文就学生在Mn元素化学实验过程中遇到的一些“异常”现象进行分析和总结,借助生动直观的演示实验,引导学生探究“异常”现象产生的可能原因和直观认识反应条件对反应结果的影响,培养学生的观察、分析、判断、归纳、推理和解决实际问题的能力。     

利用循环伏安法模拟技术理解电极过程可逆性**

循环伏安法测定电极过程可逆性实验在仪器分析实验中有着重要的意义。现行的实验设计中一般将铁氰化钾作为氧化还原反应研究的对象。由于铁氰化钾/亚铁氰化钾的氧化还原过程在电化学上可逆,学生通过实验很难理解电化学不可逆的过程,不易区分可逆和不可逆过程。本文利用循环伏安模拟的方法,通过改变电子转移速率常数(k0),得到不同的循环伏安谱图,结合课本上对于可逆性的判据(Epa-Epc=0.056 V/n,ipaipc≈-1)来解释不同的电子转移速率对于电极过程可逆性的影响。     

主链型阳离子表面活性剂聚季铵盐的制备

以N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺、尿素及1,4-二氯丁烷为原料,通过共缩聚反应两步法制备了一种新的主链型的水溶性聚季铵盐.采用正交试验获得了制备聚季铵盐的最佳条件：N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺与尿素的物质的量比为2∶1,反应温度为135℃,反应时间为11h,得到中间体双[3-（N,N-二甲基丙胺基）]丙脲,产率高达99％;中间体与1,4-二氯丁烷的物质的量比为1∶1,于90℃下反应6h.采用红外光谱和核磁氢谱对产物结构进行表征,测定了其热稳定性和特性粘数.     

乏燃料贮存格架跌落事故冲击分析和试验验证

乏燃料贮存格架是核电厂贮存乏燃料的重要设备,在满载条件下和地震/跌落事故中,都应保持稳定和安全状态．本文基于LS-DYNA对乏燃料贮存格架进行了跌落事故冲击分析,考虑了最重重物从可能最高处意外跌落的情况．分析时考虑了碰撞、几何大变形、材料非线性等非线性因素．分析发现,浅跌落情况下贮存格架变形较大,但为局部变形,冲击载荷不影响贮存格架的安全功能．深跌落情况下,组件跌落在支座上方时支座承受的载荷最大,并在许用载荷范围内．为确保核电厂安全性和可靠性,基于分析得到的现象,设计和开展了乏燃料贮存格架浅跌落和深跌落试验．试验采用了等比例贮存腔和真实燃料组件的管座．同时对试验件进行了跌落分析,并与试验结果进行了对比,验证了分析技术的保守性和准确性．掌握的分析技术可应用于所有压水堆核电站乏燃料贮存格架的跌落事故分析．     

基于线上线下结合的无机定性分析实验教学

针对在实验室开设定性分析实验受到的制约,设计并开设了"无机化合物的性质与鉴定"虚拟实验,以作为常规无机定性分析实验的重要补充和扩展。虚拟实验和传统实验一并开设,构成线上线下结合的教学模式,完善知识体系,全面培养学生的无机定性分析能力。     

Theoretical investigation of a backward wave oscillator

From the linear Vlasov equation,the theoretical investigation on relativistic backward wave osciUator is performed.The relationship between the microwave power and the guiding magnetic field,which accords with the results of the particle simulation and experiments,is deduced.     

Advances on the Determination of the Astatine Pourbaix Diagram: Predomination of AtO(OH)2− over At− in Basic Conditions

It is generally assumed that astatide (At^?) is the predominant astatine species in basic aqueous media. This assumption is questioned in non‐complexing and non‐reductive aqueous solutions by means of high‐pressure anion‐exchange chromatography. Contrary to what is usually believed, astatide is found to be a minor species at pH=11. A different species, which also bears a single negative charge, becomes predominant when the pH is increased beyond 7. Using competition experiments, an equilibrium constant value of 10^?6.9 has been determined for the formation of this species from AtO(OH) with the exchange of one proton. The identification of this species, AtO(OH)₂^?, is achieved through relativistic quantum mechanical calculations, which rule out the significant formation of the AtO₂^? species, while leading to a hydrolysis constant of AtO(OH) in excellent agreement with experiment when the AtO(OH)₂^? species is considered. Beyond the completion of the Pourbaix diagram of astatine, this new information is of interest for the development of ²¹¹At radiolabeling protocols.     

Alpha decay energies and half-lives for possibly synthesized superheavy elements

We investigate the ground state properties of some superheavy nuclei, which may be synthesized in future experiments. Special emphases are placed on the alpha decay energies and half-lives. The alpha decay energies and half-lives from different theoretical models are compared and discussed comprehensively. Through these calculations and comparisons, the optimal superheavy elements to be synthesized in future experiments are proposed theoretically.     

An explanation for deviations from the quark number scaling of elliptic flows in low pT region

We carry out a systematic study of the different contributions to the deviations of the elliptic flows from the quark number scaling in high energy heavy ion collision in a quark combination model.The effects that we considered are:the resonance decay,the flavor dependence of the quark elliptic flow and the combination of quarks/antiquarks with slightly different transverse momenta.Our results show that the deviations observed in experiments can be well reproduced within the combination framework if all the three effects are considered. We make a detailed analysis of the different contributions using a Monte-Carlo program and suggest measuring the quark number scaling in intermediate pT range more precisely.