Nuclear clocks based on resonant excitation of γ-transitions

We review the ideas and concepts for a clock that is based on a radiative transition in the nucleus rather than in the electron shell. This type of clock offers advantages like an insensitivity against field-induced systematic frequency shifts and the opportunity to obtain high stability from interrogating many nuclei in the solid state. Experimental work concentrates on the low-energy (about 8 eV) isomeric transition in ²²⁹Th. We review the status of the experiments that aim at a direct optical observation of this transition and outline the plans for high-resolution laser spectroscopy experiments.     

Current algebra theorems for the U(1) “Goldstone boson”

The U(1) problem is reconsidered from the point of view of the $\text{1}\text{N}$ expansion. It is argued that various heuristic ideas about the η′ are valid from this point of view. Current algebra theorems, similar to soft π theorems, are derived for the η′. They are valid to lowest order in $\text{1}\text{N}$.     

2ω1ω激光驱动的类氖锗19.6 nm X光激光

类氖离子的X光激光理论研究可以为类镍X光激光提供有益启示。设计了一系列瞬态电子碰撞激发类氖锗19.6 nm X光激光的实验,采用2ω1ω泵浦方式,即预脉冲采用倍频钕玻璃激光,主脉冲采用基频,用新开发的瞬态电子碰撞激发类氖锗的系列程序进行了模拟,并与1ω1ω驱动的情况进行了比较。模拟表明, 2ω1ω泵浦方案使类氖锗19.6 nm Ｘ光激光的小信号增益系数增大为1ω1ω方案的1.6倍,增益区也转移到了更高的电子密度区,是获得更短波长X光激光的一种有效方法。     

用类氖锗X光激光实验检验理论模拟

介绍了用国内1ns长脉冲和国外多脉冲驱动的类氖锗的实验数据检验X光激光的理论模拟程序系列的工作。在长脉冲驱动时,对波长19.6,23.2和23.6nm三条激光线,理论模拟与实验数据基本符合。在多个短脉冲驱动时,除了与严重过电离的复合等离子体有关的实验外,理论模拟与实验也基本符合。为今后设计激光聚变等离子体诊断所需类氖锗X光激光光源工作打下了基础。     

电子碰撞激发机制中自电离与双电子俘获

以Ge为例,研究了双电子复合代替自电离与双电子俘获对离子布居的影响;通过解包括双激发态和自电离与双电子俘获过程的速率方程组,研究了类F离子与类Ne离子基态对19.6nm与23.6nm激光线上、下能级的布居贡献因子及类Na离子与类Ne离子的电离速率,并讨论了这两条激光线的反转与增益。     

How does geographical distance translate into genetic distance?

Geographic structure can affect patterns of genetic differentiation and speciation rates. In this article, we investigate the dynamics of genetic distances in a geographically structured metapopulation. We model the metapopulation as a weighted directed graph, with $d$ vertices corresponding to $d$ subpopulations that evolve according to an individual based model. The dynamics of the genetic distances is then controlled by two types of transitions — mutation and migration events. We show that, under a rare mutation–rare migration regime, intra subpopulation diversity can be neglected and our model can be approximated by a population based model. We show that under a large population-large number of loci limit, the genetic distance between two subpopulations converges to a deterministic quantity that can asymptotically be expressed in terms of the hitting time between two random walks in the metapopulation graph. Our result shows that the genetic distance between two subpopulations does not only depend on the direct migration rates between them but on the whole metapopulation structure.     

特殊重尾随机变量随机和的大偏差

文献[1]对于一些经典重尾随机变量的随机和大偏差作了有意义的讨论,本文则讨论了另外一些同样有用的重尾随机和的大偏差.     

Model-independent analysis of the weak interaction in e− -N elastic scattering experiments

We discuss what model-independent information about the parity non-conserving electron-quark neutral current interaction can be obtained in the experiments on elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons on unpolarized nucleons. Two possible forms of the neutron electric form factor G_E^γn(q²) are used in our analysis. The interpretation of the P-odd asymmetry, measured in these experiments, in terms of electron-quark neutral current coupling constants depends on the form chosen for G_E^γn(q²). We note also that the polarized e^?-p elastic scattering experiments might be used in principle to study the q² dependence of G_E^γn(q²).     

电感耦合等离子体-质谱法快速测定尿中的碘

在优化的仪器条件下,以In作内标,采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法（ICP-MS）测定尿中碘元素.样品经稀释离心后直接上机测定.该方法线性范围为宽、灵敏度高、重现性好、线性相关系数为0.99997、回收率为95.3％-98.1％、精密度为1.15％-2.08％、用ICP-MS法和国标方法同时测定25份尿样中碘含量,结果经统计学分析,T为0.158小于2.021,P＞0.05,说明两种方法测定结果之间无显著性差异.ICP-MS方法简便快速且易于操作,适用于大批量尿样品中碘含量的测定.     

Decarboxylation,during their aromatization by Pd/C,of some 3,4-octahydronaphtho-7,8-benzocoumarins : Synthesis of 1,2'-binaphthyls and 2,2'-binaphthyls

Some 3',4'-cyclohexa-1',2'-dihydro- and 1',2'-cyclohexa-3',4'-dihydro-3,4,7,8-dibenzocoumarins 2 and 3 were prepared by catalytic condensation between a naphthol and a α-carbethoxy-cis- decalone (?1 or ?2). These compounds, when treated with Pd/C at 260°, undergo, beside aromatization, a complete decarboxylation of the lactone ring. A mechanism, involving H transfer through a π-allylic palladium complex is described.