Mucin Interactions with Functionalized Polystyrene Latexes

The interactions of pig gastric mucin and bovine submaxillary mucin with carboxylate (PCM) and amino (PAM) polystyrene latexes with 750 and 1000 nm diameters have been studied in vitro. The mucin interaction increased when the pH decreased from 7.4 to 3.0 and when the electrolyte concentration increased from 86 to 205 mM. The driving force of the interaction was very probably nonionic. Under certain conditions, electrostatic attraction also was important for PAM. Under all experimental conditions tested, the mucins interacted less with PAM than with PCM. The functional groups of the latexes directed the conformation of the adsorbed mucins at the interface. At low pH, the mucins probably were adsorbed in multilayers.     

消化性溃疡幽门螺旋杆菌感染和非感染患者血清微量元素的测定

对确诊ＨＰ阴性ＤＵ组２０例、ＨＰ阳性组２３例、ＨＰ阳性转阴性Ｄｕ组１２例血清多种微量元素测定，结果ＨＰ阳性Ｄｕ组钼、铬、锰、铜明显低于ＨＰ阴性Ｄｕ组，Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１．ＨＰ含有多种酶，而微量元素多以金属酶存在于体内，可能两者相互影响，使ＨＰ感染患者微量元素降低，当ＨＰ感染清除后微量元素再升高，但其因果关系尚待深入研究。     

Prediction of a glucose appearance function from foods using deconvolution

The glycaemic response of an insulin-treated diabetic patientgoes through many transitory phases, leading to a steady stateglycaemic profile following a change in either insulin regimenor diet. Most models attempting to model the glucose and insulinrelationship try to model the effect of oral or injected glucoserather than that from the digestion of food. However, it isclear that a better understanding of the glycaemic responsewould arise from consideration of intestinal absorption fromthe gut. It is assumed that this type of absorption can be modelledby a so-called glucose appearance function (systemic appearanceof glucose via glucose absorption from the gut) predicting theglucose load from the food. Much research has been carried outin the areas of hepatic balance, insulin absorption and insulinindependent/dependent utilization. However, little is knownabout intestinal absorption patterns or their correspondingglucose appearance profiles. The strategy under investigation herein is to use deconvolutionor backward engineering. By starting with specific results i.e.blood glucose and insulin therapy, it is possible to work backwardsto predict the glucose forcing functions responsible for theoutcome. Assuming compartmental consistency, this will allowa clearer insight into the true gut absorption process, If successful,the same strategy can be applied to more recent glucose andinsulin models to further our understanding of the food to bloodglucose problem. This paper investigates the Lehmann-Deutsch modified model ofglucose and insulin interaction, created from the model proposedby Berger-Rodbard. The model attempts to simulate the steadystate glycaemic and plasma insulin responses, independent ofthe initial values from which the simulation is started. Glucoseenters the model via both intestinal absorption and hepaticglucose production. We considered a 70kg male insulindependentdiabetic patient with corresponding hepatic and insulin sensitivityparameters of 0.6 and 0.3 respectively. Net hepatic glucosebalance was modelled piecewise by linear and symmetric functions.A first-order Euler method with step size of 15 minutes wasemployed. For the simulation, only Actrapid and NPH injectionswere considered. The injection of insulin and the glucose fluxto the gut were started simultaneously to avoid any delay associatedwith gastric emptying. The systemic appearance of glucose was compared from two viewpoints, not only to assess the strategic principle, but alsoto assess the suitability of the modifications made by Lehmannand Deutsch. The first is a forward prediction using the compartmentalstructure. This analysis involves the rate of gastric emptyingwithout time delay. The second is a backward prediction fromexperimentally observed blood glucose profiles. Investigationsinvolved porridge, white rice and banana containing the samecarbohydrate content (25 g). Results obtained from the firstanalysis were dependent on the rate of gastric emptying, especiallyits ascending and descending branches. Results from the secondanalysis were dependent on the dose and type of insulin administered.Both predicted profiles showed consistency with physiologicalreasoning, although it became apparent that such solutions couldbe unstable. Furthermore, both types of prediction were similarin structure and appearance, especially in simulations for porridgeand banana. This emphasized the consistency and suitabilityof both analyses when investigating the compartmental accuracyand limitations within a model. The new strategic approach was deemed a success within the model,and the modifications made by Lehmann and Deutsch appropriate.We suggest that a gastric emptying curve with a possible gastricdelay is the way forward in regulating the appearance of glucosevia gut absorption. The Lehmann-Deutsch gastric curve is describedby either a trapezoidal or triangular function dependent onthe carbohydrate content of the meal. However, it was clearfrom the results obtained that carbohydrate content is onlyone factor in carbohydrate absorption, and further progressmust inevitably involve other food characteristics and propertiesif we are to improve the glucose flux.     

国内外功能性稻米研究进展

以国内外研究功能性稻米对人体生理功能和潜在对复发性阿弗他溃疡影响的代表性论文为依据,综述了近年来有关功能性稻米对人体生理功能和对复发性阿弗他溃疡潜在影响的研究进展,包括:功能性稻米的定义、分类,国内外研究进展以及具有多种有生理作用的功能因子(铁、硒、γ-氨基丁酸、膳食纤维、抗性淀粉、黄酮和脂肪酸、花色苷类化合物),这些功能因子对人体多个系统有调节作用,对缓解复发性阿弗他溃疡的症状,减少其发生起着重要的作用。     

富含硒的生肌玉露饮治疗溃疡病18例

从疡科溃疡虚证论治消化性溃疡，用补托生肌法，自拟富含硒及维生素Ｅ的生肌玉露饮治疗气血两虚型溃疡病１８例，结果治愈１１例，总有效率８８．９％。     

溃疡性上消化道出血中医辨治与微量元素的关系

对十二指肠球部溃疡合并出血中医辨治与微量元素之间的关系进行了观察,发现微量元素与中医辨证分型有一定的关系。并分组用中药就２００例患者进行了治疗,在治疗前后分别观察了微量元素含量,并同正常人进行了比较,发现随着出血患者病情的变化,微量元素的含量也有所不同。     

壳聚糖在胃溃疡药物中的应用进展

壳聚糖无毒、具有良好的生物活性、可生物降解,可安全可靠的用于胃溃疡药物中.综述了近年来国内外壳聚糖因其不同的生物特性在胃溃疡药物中的应用研究进展,包括壳聚糖抗酸作用、抗幽门螺杆菌、保护胃粘膜等作用以及壳聚糖作为药物缓释材料.