Syntheses,Characterization and Anti-inflammatory Activity of a Benzamide Derivative and its Metal Chelates

N-Phenylbenzamide-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid (PBDA) and its copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt (II), zinc(II) and manganese(II) chelates have been synthesized and characterized by their physical measurements, infrared and electronic spectra and magnetic moment data. In an acute anti-inflammatory test, the cobalt chelate was most active (31.1% inhibition) followed by the zinc and copper chelates, whereas the copper chelate (22.3% inhibition) was most active in an adjuvant arthritis test. Again the cobalt chelate was most active in the cotton-wad granuloma test. Gastric irritancy was markedly reduced after chelation by copper, followed in order by zinc, cobalt, manganese and nickel chelates. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Inhibition of Gastric Cancer Cells’ Progression by 23,24-Dihydrocucurbitacin E through Disruption of the Ras/Raf/ERK/MMP9 Signaling Pathway

Gastric cancer is considered to be one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide due to its high recurrence and metastasis rates. The molecule 23,24-Dihydrocucurbitacin E (DHCE) is a cucurbitacin-derived tetracyclic triterpenoid compound that has anti-tumor activity, but the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. This research aimed to explore the effects of DHCE on human gastric cancer cells and the possible mechanisms. The results showed that DHCE suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells, as well as induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest. Mechanistically, the potential targets and pathways of DHCE were predicted using database screening and verified using a molecular docking study, fluorescence staining, and Western blot. The results indicated that DHCE obviously inhibited the kinase activity of ERK2 via targeting its ATP-binding domain, destroyed F-actin microfilament, and reduced the expression levels of Ras, p-c-Raf, ERK, p-ERK, and MMP9 proteins. Collectively, our study demonstrated that DHCE suppressed gastric cancer cells’ proliferation, migration, and invasion through targeting ERK2 and disrupting the Ras/Raf/ERK/MMP9 signaling pathway. These properties make DHCE a promising candidate drug for the further design and development of novel and effective Ras/Raf/ERK/MMP9 pathway inhibitors for treating gastric cancer.     

Mulberry Ethanol Extract and Rutin Protect Alcohol-Damaged GES-1 Cells by Inhibiting the MAPK Pathway

Mulberry extract has been proven to have the effect of resisting alcohol damage, but its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the composition of mulberry ethanol extract (MBE) was identified by LC-MS/MS and the main components of MBE were ascertained by measuring. Gastric mucosal epithelial (GES-1) cells were used to elucidate the mechanism of MBE and rutin (the central part of MBE) helped protect against alcohol damage. The results revealed that phenolics accounted for the majority of MBE, accounting for 308.6 mg/g gallic acid equivalents and 108 substances were identified, including 37 flavonoids and 50 non-flavonoids. The treatment of 400 μg/mL MBE and 320 μM rutin reduced early cell apoptosis and the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and increased glutathione. The qPCR results indicated that the MBE inhibits the expression of genes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, including p38, JNK, ERK and caspase-3; rutin inhibits the expression of p38 and caspase-3. Overall, MBE was able to reduce the oxidative stress of GES-1 cells and regulated apoptosis-related genes of the MAPK pathway. This study provides information for developing anti-ethanol injury drugs or functional foods.     

Electrochemical Immunoassay for Tumor Marker CA19-9 Detection Based on Self-Assembled Monolayer

A CA19-9 electrochemical immunosensor was constructed using a hybrid self-assembled membrane modified with a gold electrode and applied to detect real samples. Hybrid self-assembled membranes were selected for electrode modification and used to detect antigens. First, the pretreated working electrodes were placed in a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)/β-mercaptoethanol (ME) mixture for 24 h for self-assembly. The electrodes were then placed in an EDC/NHS mixture for 1 h. Layer modification was performed by stepwise dropwise addition of CA19-9 antibody, BSA, and antigen. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to characterize this immunosensor preparation process. The assembled electrochemical immunosensor enables linear detection in the concentration range of 0.05–500 U/mL of CA19-9, and the detection limit was calculated as 0.01 U/mL. The results of the specificity measurement test showed that the signal change of the interfering substance was much lower than the response value of the detected antigen, indicating that the sensor has good specificity and strong anti-interference ability. The repeatability test results showed that the relative standard deviations were less than 5%, showing good accuracy and precision. The CA19-9 electrochemical immunosensor was used for the actual sample detection, and the experimental results of the standard serum addition method showed that the RSD values of the test concentrations were all less than 10%. The recoveries were 102.4–115.0%, indicating that the assay has high precision, good accuracy, and high potential application value.     

Therapeutic Versus Preventative Use of Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761) against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice

The main bioactive constituents in the standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761) are the terpene lactones and flavonoid glycosides. EGb 761’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have previously been demonstrated. Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers have a multifactorial etiology and represent a major restriction to its therapeutic utility. The underlying ulcerogenic process involves oxidative and inflammatory biomolecular insults. This study was performed to explore the curative and preventative benefits of EGb 761 in experimentally-induced ulcers. To develop gastric ulcers in mice, indomethacin (40 mg/kg) was administered orally. EGb 761 (200 mg/kg) was given by gavage for 7 days before (preventative) and after (therapeutic) indomethacin administration. The histological alterations and macroscopic mucosal lesions were assessed. In gastric tissue homogenates, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cytokines, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the stomach mucosa were also investigated. The ulcer index, histological alterations, gastric oxidants, and inflammatory biomarkers were all significantly increased by indomethacin. In stomach specimens, it increased COX-2 and PCNA expression. EGb 761 treatments, both prophylactic and therapeutic, resulted in significant reductions in ulcer lesions, nitrosative and oxidative damage, and inflammatory markers, along with the lowering of COX-2 and PCNA expressions. Furthermore, in the fight against stomach ulcers, EGb 761 treatment was found to be more efficient than prevention.     

Spectroscopic assessment of biomolecular changes in Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr virus co-infected gastric epithelial cells

Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) are Group 1 carcinogens that can enhance gastric cancer progression. Bioactive substances extracted from plants can be effective therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. For example, Withania somnifera extract-WSE reduces the Gankyrin oncoprotein, which is upregulated in the presence of H. pylori and EBV. The various biochemical and metabolic changes upon 24 hrs post-infection followed by W. somnifera extract (WSE) treatment on gastric epithelial cells (AGS) can be studied using spectroscopic techniques. In the biomedical sciences, Raman and NMR spectroscopy have been extensively employed to interpret cellular alterations contributing to the onset of infection and the severity of gastric cancer. More specifically, alterations in cellular biochemical homeostasis are linked to the moieties of cholesterol, collagen, choline, carbohydrate, lipids, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. Further, we have found significantly elevated FWHM for carbohydrates, tumor associated protein, collagen, cholesterol, and cholesterol ester in the co-infection model. We also looked into the potential correlation between these molecules using molecular network analysis and found several related factors that can be modulated through biomolecular levels. These molecules are crucial in several physiological functions, including cell division, cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, cell migration, and lipid transport. Our study paves the pathway to study H. pylori and EBV co-infection in human gastric epithelial cells and the therapeutic interventions of WSE in this scenario and highlights specific biomolecular alterations, which can be focused for further mechanistic investigations.     

复发性阿弗他溃疡与相关的营养因素研究进展

以国内外研究复发性阿弗他溃疡营养因素的相关论文为依据,综述了近十年有关对复发性阿弗他溃疡（RAU）营养因素的研究进展。包括：RAU与微量元素锌、铁、硒、铜,维生素A、C、E、B2、B12,蛋白质,膳食纤维和谷类的关系。RAU的发生与体内微量元素锌、铁、硒、铜的减少,维生素A、C、E、B2、B12,蛋白质和膳食纤维的摄取不足密切相关,全谷类食品（功能稻米）对缓解RAU有帮助。     

Novel CD-MOF NIR-II fluorophores for gastric ulcer imaging

Gastric ulcers are one of the most common stomach diseases that often accompanied by inflammation, congestion, edema, scar tissue formation, and pyloric obstruction. Fiberoptic endoscopy and X-ray analysis of the upper GI tract have become the diagnostic procedure of choice for patients. However, conventional diagnosis technology is either invasive or radioactive. Herein, a novel CD-MOF NIR-II fluorophore (GPs-CH1055) was developed. The relative fluorophore intensity was largely consistent at various media and pH buffers, and it can swell into gel particles in solvents and be completely expelled from the gastrointestinal tract without being assimilated. GPs-CH1055 has been further evaluated in vivo, and exhibited strong retention effect on the gastric ulcer sites, bright NIR-II signals with high spatial and temporal resolution. Therefore, GPs-CH1055 shows great promise for realizing real-time gastric ulcer imaging and diagnosis.     

Topical propolis improves wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized controlled trial

In this randomized controlled trial, diabetic patients with foot ulcers (Wagner grades 1 and 2) were randomly assigned to conventional therapies for diabetic foot ulcer plus topical propolis ointment (5%; twice daily) or conventional therapies alone. The process of ulcer healing was observed during 4 weeks and compared between the two groups regarding the size, erythema, exudates, white blood cell (WBC) count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The process of ulcer size reduction during the four-week period of study was significantly different between the groups. However, this difference was not significant between the third and fourth weeks. There was no significant difference between two groups regarding erythema and exudate reduction as well as WBC count and ESR. Administration of topical propolis ointment in addition to the conventional treatments of diabetic foot ulcer could reduce the size of ulcers with Wagner grades 1 and 2.