全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11213篇 |
免费 | 1197篇 |
国内免费 | 779篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 9214篇 |
晶体学 | 55篇 |
力学 | 745篇 |
综合类 | 72篇 |
数学 | 337篇 |
物理学 | 2766篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 83篇 |
2022年 | 221篇 |
2021年 | 267篇 |
2020年 | 384篇 |
2019年 | 295篇 |
2018年 | 316篇 |
2017年 | 368篇 |
2016年 | 450篇 |
2015年 | 445篇 |
2014年 | 465篇 |
2013年 | 708篇 |
2012年 | 734篇 |
2011年 | 621篇 |
2010年 | 532篇 |
2009年 | 534篇 |
2008年 | 593篇 |
2007年 | 599篇 |
2006年 | 607篇 |
2005年 | 497篇 |
2004年 | 482篇 |
2003年 | 416篇 |
2002年 | 359篇 |
2001年 | 283篇 |
2000年 | 301篇 |
1999年 | 319篇 |
1998年 | 277篇 |
1997年 | 297篇 |
1996年 | 248篇 |
1995年 | 221篇 |
1994年 | 179篇 |
1993年 | 151篇 |
1992年 | 148篇 |
1991年 | 119篇 |
1990年 | 118篇 |
1989年 | 106篇 |
1988年 | 94篇 |
1987年 | 72篇 |
1986年 | 47篇 |
1985年 | 40篇 |
1984年 | 47篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 26篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 261 毫秒
31.
Semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations were carried out for the compounds (C2H5)3As, (C2H5)3Ga and RAsH2 (R = C2H5, i-C3H7, i-C4H9, and t-C4H9) by using the CNDO/2-U program, and their capability of β-elimination reaction is compared on the basis of the torsion energy to the transition state, electrostatic interactions and orbital overlapping between the central atom and the β-hydrogen, and bond order of the metal-carbon, and carbon-hydrogen bond. In the comparison of (C2H5)3As with (C2H5)3Ga, we found that the β-elimination of (C2H5)3As could hardly be expected to take place in the thermal decomposition. The capability of β-elimination would be smaller in C2H5AsH2 than that in (C2H5)3As. Moreover when the ethyl group is replaced by a t-butyl group in RAsH2, the β-elimination reaction appears to become more difficult and a large possibility for a radical process is suggested. 相似文献
32.
Masaharu Asano Jinhua Chen Yasunari Maekawa Takahiro Sakamura Hitoshi Kubota Masaru Yoshida 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(13):2624-2637
A novel process comprising the UV‐induced photografting of styrene into poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films and subsequent sulfonation has been developed for preparing proton‐conducting membranes. Although under UV irradiation the initial radicals were mainly generated on the surface of the PTFE films by the action of photosensitizers such as xanthone and benzoyl peroxide, the graft chains were readily propagated into the PTFE films. The sulfonation of the grafted films was performed in a chlorosulfonic acid solution. Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the grafted and sulfonated membranes. With a view to use in fuel cells, the proton conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties of the prepared membranes were measured. Even through the degree of grafting was lower than 10%, the proton conductivity in the thickness direction of the newly prepared membranes could reach a value similar to that of a Nafion membrane. In comparison with γ‐ray radiation grafting, UV‐induced photografting is very simple and safe and is less damaging to the membranes because significant degradation of the PTFE main chains can be avoided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2624–2637, 2007 相似文献
33.
One influential parameter which mediates interactions between many types of molecules and biological membranes stems from
the lumped contributions of the transmembrane potential, dipole potential and the difference in the surface potentials on
both sides of a membrane. With relevance to cell physiology, such electrical features of a biomembrane are prone to undergoing
changes as a result of interactions with the aqueous surrounding. Among the most useful tools devoted to exploring changes
of electrical parameters of a lipid membrane induced by certain extracellular ions, lipid composition, and embedded membrane
peptides and proteins, are spectroscopic imaging and the inner field compensation (IFC) method. In this work we layout the
principles of a fully computerized version of the IFC method, which makes it more readily available to users. As a direct
application, we deployed this improved version of the IFC method to time-resolve changes induced by alamethicin monomers upon
membrane dipole potential, following their aggregation within an artificial lipid membrane. Intriguingly, even prior crossing
the membrane core, the membrane-bound alamethicin monomers are shown to significantly increase the dipole potential of the
monolayer they reside in. Such data further emphasize the yet less-explored interplay between membrane-based protein and peptides,
and the membrane dipole potential. 相似文献
34.
R. Németh 《Journal of statistical physics》1991,63(1-2):419-424
We calculate the site occupation probabilities of one-dimensional lattice gas models within the canonical and grand canonical ensembles. The appearing differences do not vanish if we increase the system size keeping the site energies discrete. In this way one can explain the surprising numerical results of Barszczak and Kutner. This effect in the single-site occupation number disappears in higher dimensions. 相似文献
35.
Modulated
DSC for gas hydrates analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. Giavarini F. Maccioni Maria Laura Santarelli 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2006,84(2):419-424
Modulated DSC has been applied to the study of methane,
ethane and propane hydrates at different hydrate and ice concentrations. The
reversing component of the TMDSC curves, makes it possible to characterize
such hydrates.
Methane and ethane hydrates show the melting-decomposition
peak at a temperatures higher than the ice contained in the sample, while
propane hydrate melts and decomposes at lower temperature than the ice present
in the sample. The hydrate peaks tend to disappear if the hydrate is stored
at atmospheric pressure. Guest size and cavity occupation fix the heat of
dissociation and stability of the hydrates, as confirmed by parallel tests
on tetrahydrofurane hydrates. 相似文献
36.
Summary The gas chromatographic behaviour of crosslinked macroporous 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted with 2-methyloxazoline was
investigated and the range of applicability of the copolymer was assessed. Retention index values were measured on this copolymer
and compared with those obtained on the terpolymer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate-acrylonitrile. Rohrschneider
constants and efficiency data for selected sorbates are given. The use of this type of polymer in the separation of various
types of compounds is documented by various examples. 相似文献
37.
38.
39.
Yu. N. Grigoryev I. V. Ershov 《Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics》2003,44(4):471-481
The influence of thermal excitation on a finite-amplitude vortex disturbance in a shear flow of a molecular gas is studied in a model problem. The evolution of such vortex structures is typical of both the nonlinear stage of the laminar–turbulent transition and for developed turbulence. Since the excitation level was assumed to be comparatively low, full Navier–Stokes equations for a compressible heat-conducting gas were used in calculations; nonequilibrium was taken into account by the coefficient of bulk viscosity. As the bulk viscosity increases in the range of realistic values, the disturbance-energy damping rate in a weakly compressible flow increases approximately by 10%. The increase in the Mach number enhances the effect of disturbance suppression. 相似文献
40.
Summary The solubility parameters of cationic surfactants were obtained using the inverse gas chromatographic technique. The surfactants
didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide and dodecyl pyridinium chloride were used as stationary
phase and retention data of different probe solutes were measured at different temperatures. The results were analysed by
the combination of Flory-Huggins and Hildebrand theories, and the solubility parameters of the surfactants were obtained in
a range of temperatures between 80–120°C. 相似文献