Chromatographic characterization of thermally upgraded products from alternative fuels

An overview is presented of the analytical approaches developed by our research group over the last ten years for analysis of alternative fuel, both biomass and fossil. The alternative fuels are analyzed successively by PLC-8 (preparative liquid chromatography–group-type) fractionation and high resolution gas chromatography. Some of the possibilities for fractionation and characterization of alternative fuels are herein exemplified with sugar cane bagasse pyrolysis products.     

Nitro musks in cosmetic products—determination by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with atomic-emission detection

Summary The combination of headspace solid-phase microextraction with atomic-emission detection enables highly selective and sensitive determination of itro musk compounds in cosmetic products. Sample preparation is considerably simplified; there is no solvent extraction step. Enrichment is influenced by the type and amount of cosmetic product investigated. The lowest amount giving well detectable peaks is 1 mg musk compound per kg sample. Calibration curves obtained from spiked solutions of selected reference cosmetics in water show very good linearity. Relative standard deviations of peak areas from repeated measurements are usually <10%. Presented at the 21^st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15^th–20^th September, 1996     

A comparative study of the silent discharge treatment of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon polymers

Dielectric barrier air discharge treatment of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polystyrene, and polyisoprene substrates has been characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The relative reactivities of these polymers towards silent discharge oxidation are rationalized in terms of ozone molecules interacting with an excited surface. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

铸膜液溶剂体系的物理参数与BCA不对称膜的透气性

铸膜液的溶剂体系（溶剂和非溶剂）对不对称膜形态的形成有重要作用。为了探索溶剂和透气性间的关系，本文考虑到了制备ＢＣＡ梯度密度不对称膜的各种溶剂的一系列物理参数，得到了一些定性结果，并指出了更全面、明确、解释两者关系的研究方向。     

鲤鱼体中鱼腥味物质的提取和鉴定

采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取鲤鱼鱼体中的挥发和半挥发性有机物，用GC／MS从提取物中分析鉴定出鱼腥味和疑是鱼腥味物质16种。包括醛、烯醛、酮和呋喃4类化合物。其中己醛、庚醛和2，4-二烯癸醛被确认为鱼腥味的化合物。研究发现，这些物质总量在鲤鱼体的鱼鳞、鱼鳃和鱼肉的分布呈现下降趋势，且其总量与鱼腥味强度之间具有可比较的对应关系。     

小间隙高放大多丝室及其放电机制

对以强猝灭气体工作的小间隙多丝室及其放电机制进行了研究,实验表明,因为工作在饱和模式区,这种室同时具有很高的气体放大和相当快的时间特性.文中探讨了放电机制,雪崩中空间电荷效应以及电离光子的产生和作用是重要的因素,而其中后一因素又受到强猝灭气体的抑制.     

Optimum Gas Journal Bearing with the Flexible Surface

The optimum shape of the cylindrical internal deformable (flexible) surface of a gas journal bearing of infinite length is designed. The variational problem of determining the clearance shape giving the maximum bearing load capacity is formulated and solved.     

Collisional Relaxation of Luminescence Anisotropy in Rarefied Gases in the Condensed Phase

The orientational relaxation of optically induced anisotropy in rarefied gases and at a damped rotation has been investigated. It has been found that the anisotropy relaxation in rarefied gases is described by a reduced kinetic equation depending only on free rotation integrals. The behavior of the integral anisotropy of luminescence for free symmetric and asymmetric top molecules has been elucidated. The law of luminescence depolarization has been obtained for asymmetric top molecules in the Gordon J-diffusion model. It represents the sum of two Stern–Volmer-type dependences, whose relative contribution is determined by the orientation of the dipole moments of transitions with absorption and emission of light in the molecular coordinate system and by the principal moments of inertia of the molecular top. It has been established that in the limit of a strongly damped rotation, kinetic equations of the general form reduce to equations of rotational diffusion. A number of modified diffusion equations correctly describing the contribution of inertial effects to the orientational relaxation of anisotropy have been obtained.