Restraint of the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Nonfouling Zwitterionic Hydrogel

The success of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapies is largely dependent on the ability to maintain the multipotency of cells and control their differentiation. External biochemical and biophysical cues can readily trigger hMSCs to spontaneously differentiate, thus resulting in a rapid decrease in the multipotent cell population and compromising their regenerative capacity. Herein, we demonstrate that nonfouling hydrogels composed of pure poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB) enable hMSCs to retain their stem‐cell phenotype and multipotency, independent of differentiation‐promoting media, cytoskeletal‐manipulation agents, and the stiffness of the hydrogel matrix. Moreover, encapsulated hMSCs can be specifically induced to differentiate down osteogenic or adipogenic pathways by controlling the content of fouling moieties in the PCB hydrogel. This study examines the critical role of nonspecific interactions in stem‐cell differentiation and highlights the importance of materials chemistry in maintaining stem‐cell multipotency and controlling differentiation.     

Reactions in Nitroimidazole Triggered by Low‐Energy (0–2 eV) Electrons: Methylation at N1‐H Completely Blocks Reactivity

Low‐energy electrons (LEEs) at energies of less than 2 eV effectively decompose 4‐nitroimidazole (4NI) by dissociative electron attachment (DEA). The reactions include simple bond cleavages but also complex reactions involving multiple bond cleavages and formation of new molecules. Both simple and complex reactions are associated with pronounced sharp features in the anionic yields, which are interpreted as vibrational Feshbach resonances acting as effective doorways for DEA. The remarkably rich chemistry of 4NI is completely blocked in 1‐methyl‐4‐nitroimidazole (Me4NI), that is, upon methylation of 4NI at the N1 site. These remarkable results have also implications for the development of nitroimidazole based radiosensitizers in tumor radiation therapy.     

Ab Initio Study on the Stability of NgnBe2N2, NgnBe3N2 and NgBeSiN2 Clusters

The global minima of Be₂N₂, Be₃N₂ and BeSiN₂ clusters are identified using a modified stochastic kick methodology. The structure, stability and bonding nature of these clusters bound to noble gas (Ng) atoms are studied at the MP2/def2‐QZVPPD level of theory. Positive Be?Ng bond dissociation energy, which gradually increases down Group 18 from He to Rn, indicates the bound nature of Ng atoms. All of the Ng‐binding processes are exothermic in nature. The Xe and Rn binding to Be₂N₂ and Be₃N₂ clusters and Ar?Rn binding to BeSiN₂ are exergonic processes at room temperature; however, for the lighter Ng atoms, lower temperatures are needed. Natural population analysis, Wiberg bond index computations, electron density analysis, and energy decomposition analysis are performed to better understand the nature of Be?Ng bonds.     

固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定乳胶儿童用品中15种N-亚硝胺及其前体物的迁移量

建立了同时测定乳胶儿童用品中15种N-亚硝胺及其前体物迁移量的固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱(SPEGC-MS/MS)分析方法。以人工唾液作为迁移模拟物,以Chromabond Easy固相萃取柱(填料的主要成分是极性修饰的聚乙烯-二乙烯基苯共聚物)对迁移液中的N-亚硝胺分析物进行净化,采用HP-5 MS UI色谱柱分离,MS/MS在多反应监测模式下进行定性及定量分析。15种N-亚硝胺在5~2 000μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998;方法定量限(S/N=10)为0.625~12.50μg/kg,低于欧盟2 009/48/EC指令的限量要求。在低、中、高3个添加水平的回收率为53.8%~116.2%、52.7%~105.1%和49.5%~102.9%;日内精密度分别为1.3%~14.0%(n=6),日间精密度为1.6%~7.6%(n=4)。采用本方法对婴儿奶嘴样品和气球样品进行了测定,其中4件奶嘴和7件气球样品中检出亚硝胺及其前体物,奶嘴和气球中N-亚硝胺的总检出含量分别为0.049 9~0.126mg/kg和0.515~41.2 mg/kg;N-亚硝胺前体物总检出量分别为0.026 4~0.030 0 mg/kg和0.187~12.5mg/kg。     

二氧化锡薄膜:制备及在室温下气敏性质(英文)

利用溶胶-凝胶法首先在玻璃基片上制备了氧化锡晶种膜,之后采用溶剂热法在其上生长了致密的氧化锡薄膜。利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术对氧化锡薄膜的形貌和晶体结构进行了表征,结果表明构成薄膜的氧化锡晶粒具有四方锡石结构,尺寸在7~10 nm之间。表面活性剂在溶剂热反应过程中对薄膜生长的研究表明,十二烷基苯磺酸钠可以显著提高薄膜的质量。对所制备的氧化锡薄膜进了气敏性质研究,结果表明,在温和的测试条件下,如室温、常压、干燥的空气背景等,该氧化锡薄膜对二氧化氮气体具有良好的探测能力,检测限为0.5μL·L-1。     

Modelling of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell with different designs of indirect internal reformer

The cell performance and temperature gradient of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell with indirect internal reformer(IIR-SOFC) fuelled by natural gas, containing a typical catalytic packed-bed reformer, a catalytic coated wall reformer, a catalytic annular reformer, and a novel catalytic annular-coated wall reformer were investigated with an aim to determine the most efficient internal reformer system. Among the four reformer designs, IIR-SOFC containing an annular-coated wall reformer exhibited the highest performance in terms of cell power density(0.67 W cm-2)and electrical efficiency(68%) with an acceptable temperature gradient and a moderate pressure drop across the reformer(3.53×10-5kPa).IIR-SOFC with an annular-coated wall reformer was then studied over a range of operating conditions: inlet fuel temperature, operating pressure, steam to carbon(S : C) ratio, gas flow pattern(co-flow and counter-flow pattern), and natural gas compositions. The simulation results showed that the temperature gradient across the reformer could not be decreased using a lower fuel inlet temperature(1223 K–1173 K)and both the power density and electrical efficiency of the cell also decreased by lowering fuel inlet temperature. Operating in higher pressure mode(1-10 bar) improved the temperature gradient and cell performance. Increasing the S : C ratio from 2 : 1 to 4 : 1 could decrease the temperature drop across the reformer but also decrease the cell performance. The average temperature gradient was higher and smoother in IIR-SOFC under a co-flow pattern than that under a counter-flow pattern, leading to lower overpotential and higher cell performance. Natural gas compositions significantly affected the cell performance and temperature gradient. Natural gas containing lower methane content provided smoother temperature gradient in the system but showed lower power density and electrical efficiency.     

Adsorption separation performance of H2/CH4 on ETS-4 by concentration pulse chromatography

To exploit an effective adsorbent to separate hydrogen and methane, microporous titanium silicate molecular sieve NaETS-4 was synthesized and modified by strontium. The adsorption characteristics and diffusion behaviors of the prepared titanosilicate molecular sieve were studied by concentration pulse chromatography. And the effects of ion-exchange and dehydration temperature on adsorbent structure and gas diffusion were also discussed. The results showed that the thermal stability and Henry＇s Law constants were enhanced and micropore diffusivity decreased after exchanging Na＋ with Sr2＋. With the increase of dehydration temperature, Henry＇s Law constant and micropore diffusivity of CI-I4 decreased in both NaETS-4 and SrETS-4. While for 1-12 in SrETS-4, the increase of Henry＇s Law constant and the decrease of diffusion rate can be attributed to the shrinks of pore diameter resulting from the relocation of Sr2＋. Correspondingly, the kinetic selectivity of H2/CH4 reached 8.91 indicating its potentiality in separating H2 and CH4.     

气相色谱-质谱联用结合化学计量学方法分析光照对鱼腥草挥发性成分的影响

采用色谱-质谱联用技术结合化学计量学方法对不同光照生长条件的鱼腥草挥发性成分进行分析。水蒸气蒸馏法提取鱼腥草挥发油,气相色谱-质谱进行分析。色谱指纹图谱结合主成分分析与相似度评价以探究不同光照挥发油成分的异同。直观推导式演进特征投影法(Heuristic evolving latent projections,HELP)分辨重叠色谱峰,NIST标准质谱库结合相关文献进行定性,峰面积归一化法定量,t-检验比较不同光照组成分含量间是否有显著性差异。3种光照下的鱼腥草挥发油指纹图谱存在一定的共性和差异,共鉴定出33种化合物,共有化合物26种。随着光照强度的减少,单萜类化合物含量减少,非萜类含量增多,倍半萜类变化不大。癸酰乙醛和甲基正壬酮在全光照组的含量明显低于遮光组的含量。研究结果表明,适度的遮光有利于鱼腥草挥发性有效成分含量的提高,鱼腥草药材挥发性成分种类及含量与生长条件密切相关。     

茶叶中乙酰甲胺磷及甲胺磷对映体的气相色谱法分离与测定

建立了乙酰甲胺磷、甲胺磷对映体在茶叶基质中的手性拆分与定量方法。比较了2种手性柱对乙酰甲胺磷及甲胺磷对映体的分离效果,并对分离效果较优的BGB-176手性柱进行色谱条件优化。茶叶样品经改良QuEChERS法处理后,气相色谱测定,外标法定量。在0.04,0.08,0.4 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷的回收率分别为58.3%~66.4%和50.8%~57.6%,相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于7%。方法检出限为0.003~0.01 mg/kg。该方法简便、可靠,满足分析要求。通过实际样品的检测,发现乙酰甲胺磷、甲胺磷对映体在茶树上存在一定的降解差异。