全文获取类型
收费全文 | 48262篇 |
免费 | 4356篇 |
国内免费 | 2338篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 42573篇 |
晶体学 | 115篇 |
力学 | 1396篇 |
综合类 | 204篇 |
数学 | 886篇 |
物理学 | 9782篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 71篇 |
2023年 | 502篇 |
2022年 | 1093篇 |
2021年 | 991篇 |
2020年 | 1302篇 |
2019年 | 1235篇 |
2018年 | 1176篇 |
2017年 | 1632篇 |
2016年 | 1882篇 |
2015年 | 1822篇 |
2014年 | 1810篇 |
2013年 | 2670篇 |
2012年 | 3116篇 |
2011年 | 2817篇 |
2010年 | 2330篇 |
2009年 | 2726篇 |
2008年 | 2212篇 |
2007年 | 2781篇 |
2006年 | 2379篇 |
2005年 | 2209篇 |
2004年 | 1962篇 |
2003年 | 1739篇 |
2002年 | 1429篇 |
2001年 | 1052篇 |
2000年 | 1144篇 |
1999年 | 1044篇 |
1998年 | 922篇 |
1997年 | 923篇 |
1996年 | 849篇 |
1995年 | 839篇 |
1994年 | 709篇 |
1993年 | 612篇 |
1992年 | 543篇 |
1991年 | 575篇 |
1990年 | 461篇 |
1989年 | 398篇 |
1988年 | 461篇 |
1987年 | 453篇 |
1986年 | 336篇 |
1985年 | 322篇 |
1984年 | 323篇 |
1983年 | 172篇 |
1982年 | 274篇 |
1981年 | 214篇 |
1980年 | 178篇 |
1979年 | 162篇 |
1978年 | 33篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
This contribution discusses the phenomena of retrograde condensation of one or two liquids. It w1 be shown that both phenomena can be well understood. Also the relation of retrograde condensation of one liquid phase with the condensation behavior of natural gas will be discussed. Similarly that of two liquid phases with multiple phase behavior occurring in low temperature reservoir fluids will be pointed out. 相似文献
42.
FIXEDPOINTSANDCOUPLEDFIXEDPOINTSFORINCREASINGOPERATORSWITHAPPLICMIONSTODIFFERENTIALINCLUSIONSINBANACHSPACESZHANGSHISHENGANDHU... 相似文献
43.
《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2003,41(11):949-954
We report two new asterosaponins from the Baltic starfish Asterias rubens along with their 1H and 13C NMR data. The compounds were isolated after on‐flow liquid chromatography–NMR–mass spectrometry screening indicated that they had not been identified before. The one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR experiments used to elucidate the structures were recorded using a 5 mm cryogenic probe head. The advantages of cryogenic probes for this kind of examination in comparison with conventional probe heads are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
44.
G. N. Merrill 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2007,20(1):19-29
Ab initio molecular orbital calculations were carried out on epibromohydrin (EBH) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) in an attempt to elucidate their reactivity with respect to a hard nucleophile, hydroxide. These systems were modeled in both the gas phase and a polar solvent under basic conditions. In the gas phase, it was determined that a direct displacement mechanism (nucleophilic attack at the C1 position) was operative for EBH, while an indirect pathway (nucleophilic attack at the C3 position and subsequent intramolecular displacement) was followed for ECH. In an acetone solution, only the indirect displacement mechanism was found to occur. An electrostatic argument is advanced to account for this behavior in polar solution. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
45.
Yozo Miura Hiroyuki Dote Hiroyuki Kubonishi Kenichi Fukuda Tomoko Saka 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(6):1159-1169
A dendritic macroinitiator having 16 TEMPO‐based alkoxyamines, Star‐16 , was prepared by the reaction of a dendritic macroinitiator having eight TEMPO‐based alkoxyamines, [G‐3]‐OH , with 4,4′‐bis(chlorocarbonyl)biphenyl. The nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of styrene (St) from Star‐16 gave 16‐arm star polymers with PDI of 1.19–1.47, and NMPR of 4‐vinylpyridine from the 16‐arm star polymer gave 16‐arm star diblock copolymers with PDI of 1.30–1.43. The ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone from [G‐3]‐OH and the subsequent NMRP of St gave AB8 9‐miktoarm star copolymers with PDI of 1.30–1.38. The benzyl ether linkages of the 16‐arm star polymers and the AB8 9‐miktoarm star copolymers were cleaved by treating with Me3SiI, and the resultant poly(St) arms were investigated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The SEC results showed PDIs of 1.23–1.28 and 1.18–1.22 for the star polymers and miktoarm stars copolymers, respectively, showing that they have well‐controlled poly(St) arms. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1159–1169, 2007. 相似文献
46.
H. Hora 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》2003,53(3):199-217
The anomaly of ion emission at laser irradiation of targets measured by Badziak et al. was analyzed on the background of the extensive research in the past. In contrast to the irradiation with lasers of longer than 100 ps pulse duration, a drastic decrease of the maximum ion energies was measured with ps pulses. Very strange was the observation that the number of emitted fast ions was intensity independent. The usual ponderomotive or relativistic self-focusing theory and related processes could not explain the results. Instead a direct interaction within the skin depth of the irradiated target was concluded. This model confirms the plane geometry nonlinear force interaction in the ps range producing fast plasma blocks moving perpendicular off or into the target. The block moving into the target opens a new scheme of laser fusion by modifying the experiments of Norreys et al. The use of relatively low subrelativistic laser intensities for the new scheme of laser fusion is evaluated on the background of the long years studies of nonlinear force driven plasma blocks and earlier interpenetration fusion reactions for providing the parameters for expected fusion gains much higher than the experiment of Norreys et al. for a fusion power scheme. 相似文献
47.
聚变等离子体中的快离子压强 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
本文运用Fokker-Planck方程的慢化近似,考虑存在多种离子成份(包括杂质),假定它们具有共同的温度,我们得到了聚变产生的快离子压强的简单封闭形式表示式。表明在典型的工作温度下(~60keV),D-~3He等离子体中聚变产生的快离子压强约为本底热压强的20%,这与D-T等离子体工作在20keV时的比值几乎相同。因此,D-~3He和D-T在它们相应的预期工作温度下,它们各自的快离子压强对总压强的影响是类似的,然而在更高的温度下,这个比值将变得更大。 相似文献
48.
A fully coupled formulation combining reactive transport and an existing thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) code is presented.
Special attention has been given to phenomena likely to be encountered in clay barriers used as part of containment systems
of nuclear waste. The types of processes considered include hydrolysis, complex formation, oxidation/reduction reactions,
acid/base reactions, precipitation/dissolution of minerals and cation exchange. Both kinetically-controlled and equilibrium-controlled
reactions have been incorporated. The total analytical concentrations (including precipitated minerals) are adopted as basic
transport variables and chemical equilibrium is achieved by minimizing Gibbs Free Energy. The formulation has been incorporated
in a general purpose computer code capable of performing numerical analysis of engineering problems. A validation exercise
concerning a laboratory experiment involving the heating and hydration of an expansive compacted clay is described. 相似文献
49.
Chuncheng Hao Zuolin Cui Yansheng Yin Zhikun Zhang 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2002,4(1-2):107-110
Nanostructured Fe3Al intermetallic compounds were produced by using hydrogen arc plasma method. The transmission electron microscopy experiments showed that the average particle size of the as-synthesized was about 40-nm. The change in hardness of Fe3Al nanostructured intermetallic compounds with annealing temperatures was observed and evaluated. 相似文献
50.