Delta-shocks and vacuum states in the vanishing pressure limit of solutions to the isentropic Euler equations for modified Chaplygin gas

The phenomena of concentration and cavitation and the formation of δ-shocks and vacuum states in solutions to the isentropic Euler equations for a modified Chaplygin gas are analyzed as the double parameter pressure vanishes. Firstly, the Riemann problem of the isentropic Euler equations for a modified Chaplygin gas is solved analytically. Secondly, it is rigorously shown that, as the pressure vanishes, any two-shock Riemann solution to the isentropic Euler equations for a modified Chaplygin gas tends to a δ-shock solution to the transport equations, and the intermediate density between the two shocks tends to a weighted δ-measure that forms the δ-shock; any two-rarefaction-wave Riemann solution to the isentropic Euler equations for a modified Chaplygin gas tends to a two-contact-discontinuity solution to the transport equations, the nonvacuum intermediate state between the two rarefaction waves tends to a vacuum state. Finally, some numerical results exhibiting the formation of δ-shocks and vacuum states are presented as the pressure decreases.     

考虑基岩向井筒供气的气藏压裂水平井产能预测模型

基于等效井径模型,综合考虑各裂缝不同参数、裂缝变质量入流和井筒变质量流动等因素的影响,建立并求解了基岩和压裂缝同时向井筒供气的井筒与气藏耦合的压裂水平井产能预测模型.研究分析了压裂水平井产能敏感因素.结果表明:压裂水平井的产能随裂缝条数、裂缝半长、裂缝间距的增加而增加;为获得较高的产能,压裂时应尽可能保持裂缝与井筒垂直;压裂缝条数一定时,裂缝越长、间距越大,压裂缝产能贡献越大,而裂缝越短、间距越小时,基岩向井筒供气的贡献越大,压裂缝贡献相对较小.研究成果为气藏压裂水平井设计提供了科学依据.     

天然气消费量的偏最小二乘支持向量机预测

结合偏最小二乘法和支持向量机的优缺点,提出基于偏最小二乘支持向量机的天然气消费量预测模型。首先,利用偏最小二乘法确定影响天然气消费量的新综合变量,建立以新综合变量为输入,天然气消费量为输出的支持向量机模型,对天然气消费量进行了预测;然后,与多元回归、偏最小二乘回归、普通支持向量机做误差检验比较,验证该方法的可行性与正确性。结果表明,此天然气消费量预测模型具有较高的精确度和应用价值。     

高浓度氮氧化物含量测定方法研究

对GB/T 13906- 1992《空气质量氮氧化物的测定》中的中和滴定法与《空气和废水监测方法》(第4版)、《污染源统一监测方法》(废气部分)中的分光光度法进行比较并进行改进,通过试验,研究了高浓度氮氧化物含量的测定方法,为企业解决硝烟污染问题提供理论依据.     

Two-dimensional electron transport in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures

We present a theoretical study of electron transport properties of two-dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. By assuming a drifted Fermi–Dirac distribution and taking into account all major scattering mechanisms, including polar optical and acoustic phonons, background impurities, dislocation and interface roughness, the momentum- and energy-balance equations derived from Boltzmann equation are solved self-consistently. The dependence of the electron drift velocity and electron temperature as a function of the applied electric field are obtained and discussed.     

The spontaneous formation of inhomogeneity in a classical one-particle “gas”: An example in silico

A single classical isoergic particle was placed in a cube and allowed to propagate for 100 ns to 10 ms. The interaction of the particle with the inner wall of the cube was modeled as a linear combination of specular and random reflection, the extent of the combination being governed by a user-defined “roughness” parameter α. As a function of α, the particle’s relative pressure and density spontaneously took on an inhomogenous distribution.     

聚氯乙烯(PVC)管材中氯乙烯单体的溶解沉淀-顶空-气相色谱法测定

建立了聚氯乙烯(PVC)管材中氯乙烯单体的溶解沉淀-顶空-气相色谱法。选择HP-Wax毛细管柱为分离色谱柱,4mL含水量为37.5%(体积分数)的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)溶液溶解PVC管材,在75℃平衡35min的条件下顶空进样进行气相色谱分析。结果显示,氯乙烯在0.025～2.50mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9993。以3倍信噪比计算,该方法的检出限为4.75μg/L。对样品加标测定6次,加标回收率为90%～96%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于6.0%。该方法比常规的顶空进样方法的灵敏度提高了近9倍,具有操作简单、快速、灵敏度高、准确度和精密度好等优点,适合于PVC管材中氯乙烯单体的检测。     

Sorption of light gases in glassy poly(ethyl methacrylate)

Although gas sorption in glassy polymers is a well‐studied phenomenon, no general microscopical model is developed which is able to describe the gas sorption in a wide temperature range using only characteristics of polymer and gas molecule. In this work, sorption isotherms and desorption kinetics of O₂, Ar, and N₂ for glassy poly(ethyl methacrylate) have been measured in the temperature range from 160 to 308 K. To describe both the phenomena, the model is developed which postulates that, in the frozen structure of glassy polymer, any cavities between macromolecules are the sorption sites for small molecules. The cavities of small size can expand elastically to accommodate a gas molecule. The sorption sites are considered to be the potential wells and their depths are distributed according to Gaussian law. The concentration of sorption sites, their mean depth and depths dispersion, and the frequency of molecules oscillations in the sorption sites are the only parameters which determine both the gas transport and sorption. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56, 288–296