Structure of (Me<Subscript>2</Subscript>Cu)Li · 3DME and its oligomers [(Me<Subscript>2</Subscript>Cu)Li · 3DME]<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Subscript> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> = 2–5): a theoretical study

The structures of monomeric lithium dimethylcuprate solvated by three 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) molecules (Me₂Cu)Li · 3DME and its oligomers [(Me₂Cu)Li · 3DME] _n (n = 2–5) in the gas phase were studied using the density functional theory. The structures of these systems are compared with that of (Me₂Cu)Li · 3DME in the crystal. It is shown that numerous C-H…Cu and C-H…C hydrogen bonds, as well as C-H…H dihydrogen bonds between DME molecules, which solvate lithium cations, and corresponding dimethylcuprate anions significantly affect the formation and structure of these compounds in the gas and solid phases. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 470–481, March, 2008.     

受限于纳米狭缝中的四缔合Lennard-Lones流体的相平衡和界面张力研究

分别用改进的基础测量理论和平均球近似理论表达短程作用和长程作用对四缔合Lennard-Jones流体的过剩自由能的贡献. 在密度函泛理论的框架下, 研究了平均密度等温线, 密度分布, 未缔合分子在平衡汽相和液相中的分布, 相平衡以及平衡时的界面张力等热力学性质. 分析了缔合能量, 流体-固体作用和孔宽对受限于纳米狭缝中的四缔合Lennard-Jones流体相行为的影响.     

Nitric acid oxidation on carbon dispersion and suspension stability

In this study, we have investigated the effect of nitric acid oxidation on the dispersion and suspension stability of activated carbon powder. We treated activated carbon powder with nitric acid at different concentrations. We measured the content of functional groups, the zeta potential and the powder particle size of the activated carbon powder with the Boehm titration, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a zeta potential analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that with the increase of nitric acid molar concentration, the content of acid functional groups increased, whereas the content of alkali functional groups decreased. At a nitric acid concentration of 10 mol/l, the surface‐modified activated carbon powder displays features such as the highest functional group content and zeta potential value, the smallest particle size, and the best dispersion and suspension stability in the solution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

(MN)nHm(M=Ga,In; n=1-4; m=1, 2)团簇的结构与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-31G**和Lanl2dz水平上分别对(MN)nHm(M=Ga, In; n=1-4; m=1, 2)进行了优化和振动频率计算. 得到了上述团簇的最稳定构型、H原子的结合能以及它们的能隙. 结果表明, (MN)nH(M=Ga, In; n=1-4)的基态构型均为双重态, (MN)nH2(M=Ga, In; n=1-4)的基态构型均为单重态; 当氢的个数为1时, 加在N原子上比加在M(M=Ga, In)原子上稳定, 如有N3单元, 那么加在N3单元两侧的构型是相同的, 且它是最稳定的; 当氢的个数为2时, 除n=1外, 分别加在两个N原子上的构型是最稳定的, 如有N3单元, 那么分别加在N3单元分离最远的两个N原子的构型是最稳定的. GaNH、(GaN)3H 和InNH的结合能和能隙都很大, 说明这些团簇都有很高的稳定性.     

双β-二酮配体配位性的理论研究

基于自洽反应场(SCRF)中的极化连续介质模型(PCM), 采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31G**计算了以二硫醚和芳环为桥基的两类双β-二酮配体的空间构型和电子结构, 结合其配合物晶体结构数据, 研究配体分子电子结构与配位性的关联性. 结果表明, 配体分子的几何构型、前线轨道、偶极矩和电荷布居, 与配合物构型、活性配位原子和配位形式(单核或多核、分子内或分子间)之间的关联性与一致性十分有意义. 配体的理论计算研究可以在一定层次上为配合物几何结构特征和配位特性提供合理的分析与预测.     

气相中W~+活化CO_2分解的自旋禁阻反应机理

用密度泛函理论中的UB3LYP方法,对W采用相对论校正赝势基组(SDD),对C、O采用6-311+G(3d)基组,研究了气相中不同自旋态W+活化CO2分解的反应机理.计算结果表明,W+活化CO2分解反应以六重态进入反应通道,经过六重态势能面到四重态势能面的系间窜越(ISC),最后产物WO+和CO以四重态离开反应通道.运用Harvey方法优化出最低能量交叉点(MECP),并计算了MECP处的自旋-轨道耦合(SOC)常数(494.95cm-1),势能面的交叉和在MECP处较强的自旋-轨道耦合作用降低了自旋禁阻反应能垒,为反应提供了一条低能反应路径,反应总放热量为122.33kJ.mol-1.     

CO在α-U(001)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似,计算了CO在α-U(001)表面的吸附、解离和扩散.结果表明:CO分子以CU3OU2构型化学吸附在α-U(001)表面,吸附能为1.78-1.99eV;吸附后表层U原子向上迁移,伴随着褶皱的产生;CO分子与表面U原子的相互作用主要是U原子的电子向CO分子最低空轨道2π*转移,以及CO2π*/5σ/1π-U6d轨道间杂化而生成新的化学键;CO解离吸附较分子吸附在能量上更为有利,h1(C)+h2(O)和h1(C)+h1(O)(h:空位)解离态吸附能分别为2.71和3.08eV;近邻三重穴位之间C、O原子的扩散能垒分别为0.57和0.14eV,预示O原子较C原子更易在U(001)表面扩散迁移.     

Pt-Ni/γ-Al2O3 双金属催化剂上1,3-环己二烯的低温加氢和脱氢反应

 采用等体积浸渍法制备了 γ-Al2O3 负载的 Pt 和/或 Ni 双金属催化剂或单金属催化剂, 测定了它们的 CO 化学吸附量, 并在原位红外间歇反应装置上评价了其催化 1,3-环己二烯 (1,3-CHD) 的低温 (308 K) 加氢和脱氢性能. 结果表明, Pt-Ni/γ-Al2O3 催化剂性能优于 Pt/γ-Al2O3 或 Ni/γ-Al2O3. 结合密度泛函理论计算的不同催化剂上 1,3-CHD 的表面吸附能, 验证了具有较弱环烯烃吸附能的双金属催化剂加氢活性较高.     

Pd催化的配体导向C—H键乙酰化反应的理论研究

Pd催化的配体导向C-H键官能化反应已经成为有机化学中一种重要的合成手段. 我们用B3PW91密度泛函方法研究了Pd催化的配体导向C-H键乙酰化反应中催化剂和底物配合步骤以及C-H键活化步骤中的热力学性质. 研究发现, 具有不同导向基团的反应物之间竞争反应的选择性取决于导向基团与Pd(OAc)₂的配合步骤, 配合反应稳定常数大的较容易生成乙酰化的产物. 另一方面, 反应的选择性与C-H键的活化步骤无关, 并且与导向基团的配位原子的气相碱性、原子上的电荷密度以及最高占据轨道能量都没有相关性.     

The influence of sulfur substitution on the atomic displacement in Bi2Ti2O7

To clarify the role of A₂O′ and B₂O₆ networks on cation displacement observed in Bi₂Ti₂O′O₆, we used density functional theory calculations to examine the effect of sulfur substitution on the O′ and O sites on lone pair formation and resulting atomic displacement observed in Bi₂Ti₂O′O₆. Cation displacement in bismuth titanate is suppressed only when S is substituted on the O′ site. Analysis of the electronic structure shows that S substitution on the O′ site suppresses the formation of the asymmetric p-type lone pair by modifying the Bi-anion hybridization. Lone pair formation is favored in Bi₂Ti₂O′S₆ and the atomic displacement is larger than that observed in Bi₂Ti₂O′O_6. This enhanced displacement is due to weaker Bi-S versus Bi-O interactions leading to significantly stronger hybridization between the Bi and O′ states in Bi₂Ti₂O′S₆. We also induced lone pair formation in a metallic bismuth pyrochlore oxide (Bi₂Ru₂O′O₆) by modifying the Bi-O interactions through S substitution on the B₂O₆ network, indicating atomic displacement on the A₂O′ network may be achieved by modifying the B₂O₆ network.