Study of cork (from Quercus suber L.)-wine model interactions based on voltammetric multivariate analysis

The cork from Quercus suber L. is the premium raw material used to produce wine-bottling stoppers; however, being a natural product, cork can be contaminated and attacked in different ways that could promote differences in its proprieties. A specific contamination is the defect known in the industry as “Mancha Amarela—Yellow spot” (MA). This cork shows modifications in its mechanical, structural and optical properties and is potentially able to cause off-flavours in wine. In this study, a new analytical approach is proposed for the rapid screening of cork-wine model interactions in order to determine if the cork were able to contaminate a wine. Cork samples classified as standard (S) and cork MA were put in contact with a wine model matrix. The model matrix was analysed by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry in function of different contact times. Considering that matrices in contact with cork S and MA exhibited different pH, the influence of this parameter on the distinction power was also evaluated. The data sets obtained from the different techniques were treated by principal component analysis (PCA) and PLS_Cluster. The major difference between samples S and MA is the occurrence of an important peak at ca. 580 mV in the MA voltammograms. This more positive peak may be assigned to lignin related phenolics; therefore, it can be proposed as a possible marker to follow lignin degradation.     

Characterisation of Sugar Cane Combustion Particles in the Araraquara Region, Southeast Brazil

Biomass burning is an important primary and secondary source of aerosol particles. The presence of carbonaceous particles in the respirable size range makes the study of this fraction important in view of possible health and climatic effects. The annual burning of sugar cane plantations causes emission of huge amounts of pyrogenic particles. Aerosol samples were collected in Araraquara city, São Paulo state, Brazil, during the harvest season for fine and coarse particles and bulk; they were analysed by electron-probe microanalysis, including facilities for low-Z element determination (low-Z EPMA) and by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), in order to investigate the elemental composition of individual particles and bulk samples, respectively. Numerical analysis of the EPMA results by hierarchical clustering shows high contributions of carbonaceous particles that can be distinguished mainly in two different types: biogenic and carbon-rich. Additionally, two significant contributions of aluminosilicate particles were identified: as rather pure aluminosilicates or mixed with carbonaceous species. The EDXRF results are compatible with those of aerosol particles in Amazon, which is nowadays one of the main sources of biogenic particles in the world.     

主成份分析-偏最小二乘法分光光度法同时测定钴、镍、铜、锌四组份体系

用 PCA 及 PLS 分步处理分光光度数据,有效降低了计算的维数。以该法对不同酸度体系的5-Br-PADAP-钴、镍、铜、锌分光光度数据进行了处理,定量分析结果良好。     

Multicomponent analysis with a computerized flow injection system using LED photometric detection

An original computer-controlled solid-state photometer has been developed and its potential for simultaneous multicomponent flow-injection analysis of binary and ternary mixtures is demonstrated. The device is simple in construction. Its principle of operation is based on rapid sequential measurements of the absorbance of the complexes formed by the analytes with chromogenic reagents at the wavelengths corresponding to the emission maxima of three light emitting diodes (563, 580 and 638 nm).     

8-羟基喹啉-硅胶介质的合成及其在海水中痕量铅检测的应用

详细研究了以大孔硅胶为基质,一步合成8羟-基喹啉(8-HQ)型金属螯合色谱填料的方法,采用正交试验对合成方法进行了优化。与传统合成方法所得的填料进行了比较,从理化指标等方面来看,新的合成方法为佳。将该法用作微柱流动注射(FIA)在线分离、富集和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析流程中的固定相,对大洋海水中的痕量铅进行了在线分析,得到了较满意的结果。     

~(13)C代谢通量分析

代谢通量分析(metabolic flux analysis,MFA)是通过确定代谢网络中代谢流分布来表征细胞代谢状态的强有力的工具。鉴于计量学代谢通量分析在处理复杂代谢网络时表现出的局限性,发展了以13C标记实验为基础的13C MFA。本文介绍了13C MFA的原理与方法,总结和评述了13C MFA在实验与数据分析方面的最新进展以及MFA在功能基因组研究中的重要地位,同时对代谢通量分析的发展前景进行了展望。     

Synthesis of benzopyran derivatives,XV Preparation of arylsulfonyloxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromenes

Summary Arylsulfonyloxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromenes (26–35) have been synthesized by reduction of arylsulfonyloxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-chromanones (6–15) followed by dehydration.

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Synthese von Benzopyranderviaten. 15. Mitt.: Darstellung von Arylsulfonyloxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromenen

Zusammenfassung Reduktion von Arylsulfonyloxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-chromanonen (6–15) und anschließende Dehydratisierung liefert Arylsulfonyloxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene (26–35).

     

单核锌双卟啉配合物构象平衡的理论研究及光谱分析

合成了一系列以不同长度柔韧链相连的p/p型单核锌双卟啉配合物。选用Tripos力场,利用分子动力学模拟退火和分子力学构象搜索相结合的方法对该系列双卟啉进行了能量优化和构象分析。理论计算结果表明:该类双卟啉稳定存在的最低能量构象为叠合式,最高能量构象为伸展式,并存在一系列的中间能量构象;双卟啉分子内π-π作用和能量转移与双卟啉存在的两种主要构象密切相关;分析了分子内π-π作用的本质。运用不同光谱测试手段验证了理论计算结果: 利用可见和相应二阶导数吸收光谱研究了双卟啉主要存在的叠合式和伸展式构象,通过红外光谱观察了对双卟啉构象和卟啉环间π-π作用较为敏感的吸收谱带;利用荧光光谱计算了双卟啉的分子内能量转移效率。     

Assessment of Four Inter-Comparison Exercises in Organic Elemental Analysis

 Four inter-comparison exercises on organic elemental analysis were carried out between 1997 and 2001 by the Department of Analytical Chemistry of the University of Barcelona, together with the Microanalysis Service and the Institute of the Marine Sciences, which both belong to the CSIC in Barcelona, and the University of A Coru?a. More than sixty laboratories participated in these exercises. Here we describe the design and characteristics of the trials, the samples and the homogeneity tests applied. We report the results obtained for the analysis of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen, their statistical analysis, and the most relevant aspects of the technical discussion meetings. Received December 20, 2001; accepted March 18, 2002; published online July 22, 2002