Preparation of Boron-coated Expandable Graphite and Its Application in Flame Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam

A novel boron-coated expandable graphite(BEG) material was prepared by first wrapping polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) onto expandable graphite(EG) and then condensing with boric acid. The obtained BEG was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The fire performance and mechanical properties of the rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF) filled with BEG were investigated by limiting oxygen index(LOI), horizontal and vertical burning, cone calorimetry(CONE), and electronic tensile tests. BEG shows an improved compactness of the char layers upon thermal expansion, which is effective for the flame retardancy of RPUF. With a loading of 10%, RPUF/BEG exhibited a higher LOI, >10% reduction in heat release rate and carbon monoxide release, as well as a decrease in smoke release during the beginning of combustion compared to RPUF/EG. Moreover, the compressive strength and modulus of RPUF/BEG were increased. The improved flame retardancy of BEG on RPUF can be attributed to the suppression of the "popcorn effect" of EG by PVA-boric acid, and the improved mechanical property can be attributed to the presence of PVA.     

PMI泡沫复合材料的太赫兹谱特性实验研究

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(polymethacrylimide, PMI)泡沫复合材料具有众多优良特性,被广泛应用于航天航空、军工、船舶、汽车及高速列车等各个领域。而作为新型的夹层结构材料,其太赫兹(Terahertz, THz)波段的性能检测尚未见报道。基于THz时域光谱分析方法,对国内外两种型号的PMI泡沫复合材料在太赫兹波段透射及反射的实验获得的时域波形、功率密度谱进行了分析比较,基于MATALB编程、Origin8.0数据处理,应用时域、频域方法计算分析了不同厚度的德固赛(型号：Rohacell WF71)、美沃科技发展有限公司生产的(型号：SP1D80-P-30) PMI泡沫复合材料的透射率(传输函数)、吸收率、反射率以及折射率等光学参数。研究结果表明：通过对比空气、氮气中的不同测量结果,解释了湿度对测量结果的影响。PMI泡沫复合材料的折射率为1.05左右,功率谱的衰减是由于测试平台本身信号较弱、样品较厚且PMI泡沫的内部微结构的散射,造成THz波在>0.6 THz波段表现出明显的衰减。该结论为THz波段在PMI泡沫复合材料方面的应用提供了理论依据,同时也为太赫兹无损探伤(non-destructive testing, NDT)技术在PMI泡沫复合材料方面的应用做了一个良好的铺垫。     

泡沫混排解堵数学模型及数值模拟

建立泡沫井筒流动模型与泡沫地层渗流模型,得到完整的泡沫混排解堵数学模型;利用数值方法对模型进行耦合求解,得到泡沫压力,质量,密度在井筒中的分布及井口井底压力的变化规律.在固定井口回压情况下,得到井底压差的变化规律.结果表明:随着井深的增加,泡沫压力增加,质量减小,密度增加;固定井口回压,井底压差则逐渐变小.     

Thermodynamic studies on thin liquid films. III: Miscibility in adsorbed films at film interfaces

Thermodynamic treatment of surfactant mixture was developed for the adsorption at interfaces of thin liquid films and applied to the study of the foam film stabilized by decyl methyl sulfoxide (DeMS) in the presence of NaCl. The total surface density of NaCl and DeMS and the mole fraction of DeMS in the adsorbed film at the film surface were numerically evaluated by applying thermodynamic equations to the film tension as a function of the total molality of NaCl and DeMS and the mole fraction of DeMS in the mixture. Miscibility of NaCl and DeMS at the film surface was clarified by a phase diagram of adsorption and compared with that at the meniscus adjacent to the foam film. Judging from a phase diagram of phase transition, the transition in the DeMS foam film between common black and Newton black films, observed in part II, is a negative azeotropic transformation caused by the attractive interaction between the head group of DeMS molecule and Na⁺ or Cl^– in the adsorbed film.     

X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of germanium after extraction with polyurethane foam

Germanium is extracted onto polyurethane foam as molybdogermanate, and determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in the dried foam. The extraction is effective between pH 0.5 and 3.7 and as little as 7 μg of germanium can be detected in 100 ml of aqueous solution.     

Retention profiles of some commercial pesticides, pyrethroid and acaricide residues and their application to tomato and parsley plants

This work deals with the preconcentration of some water soluble pesticides, pyrethroids and acaricides by polyurethane foams. The retention profiles of the tested species were found quickly and reached equilibrium in a few min. Various parameters — e.g. pH, extraction media, shaking time, salt effect, temperature and sample volume — affecting the preconcentration of the tested species by the unloaded foams and tri-n-octylamine and tri-n-methylphosphate treated foams were optimized. The unloaded foams were employed in a column mode to study the quantitative retention and recovery of the tested species. The sorption efficiency and recovery of the compounds by the unloaded foam column were found to be up to 99.5%±2.1. The height equivalent of a theoretical plate for the unloaded foam column was found to be in the range 1.9–2±0.2 mm. The sorption mechanisms of the tested compounds by the foams are discussed. Analysis of N, P, Na, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, humidity, wet and dry mass of tomato and parsley untreated and sprayed for different time intervals — i.e. 24, 72 and 120 h — with Chlorpyrifos, was carried out.     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料中氯的测定

研究了氧瓶燃烧-分光光度法测定聚氨酯泡沫塑料中氯含量的方法．采用氧瓶燃烧法分解聚氨酯泡沫塑料,然后用硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定其中氯含量．实验结果表明,氧瓶燃烧-分光光度法能有效地测定聚氨醣泡沫塑料中氯元索的含量,该方法简便、准确、实用性强、灵敏度高,适合快速分析。     

竖管中CO2泡沫压裂液的管流阻力特性

CO2泡沫压裂液具有非牛顿流体性质,其在实际施工条件下的油管流动特性直接影响到对井底射孔处的压力确定,从而对进行准确的裂缝预测、压裂效果评估具有重要的意义。对垂直下降管中CO2泡沫压裂液的管流阻力特性进行了实验研究,二氧化碳泡沫压裂液的摩擦阻力随着流速的增大而增大,随着温度和压力的增大而减小;并通过实验研究得出了泡沫压裂液在垂直下降管中流动时的摩擦阻力系数的计算关联式,其在本文实验工况下的平均计算误差为14.8％。     

直接甲醇燃料电池反应和组分传递的模型计算

本文建立了直接甲醇燃料电池的二维、单相数学模型来研究电池内各种场的分布情况.模型中考虑了与电化学反应相伴随的、与流体动力学相关的反应与物料传递的耦合过程以及甲醇串流对阴极反应的影响;对阳极和阴极催化层传质过程引入了团聚块模型进行修正.计算了电池内的反应组分浓度分布和局部电流分布以及催化层沿长度方向的局部过电势分布,分析丁催化层内反应的非均匀性.在此基础上考察了对电池流场板结构的改进方案:减小集流板肋条宽度以及在肋条过窄时引入金属泡沫代替电池流场板和扩散层对电池性能的影响,通过对比计算表明两种改进均可以使得催化层反应均匀化,使电池输出性能得到提高,后者效果更佳.