X射线荧光在地质材料卤族元素分析中的应用评介

卤族元素氟、氯、溴、碘广泛分布在地圈、水圈和生物圈,它们是矿产资源,也是许多地学研究的信息载体,更与人类生活紧密相关.卤族元素分析是地质分析的重要组成部分,而X射线荧光光谱分析方法在当今的卤族元素分析中占有重要地位.本文收集我国1988年—2020年间X射线荧光光谱分析地质材料氟、氯、溴、碘的文献126篇,在简述卤族元...     

Lu_(2)O_(3)∶Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)荧光材料的上转换发光及其温度传感特性EI北大核心CSCD

采用CO_(2)激光区熔法制备了Lu_(2)O_(3)∶0.5%Er^(3+)/x%Yb^(3+)(x=1,3,5)上转换荧光材料。X射线衍射结果表明,所制备的Lu_(2)O_(3)∶Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)荧光材料具有纯Lu_(2)O_(3)晶相。在980 nm激光激发下,样品发出明亮的上转换荧光。光谱测试结果表明,样品上转换荧光强度和荧光中绿光与红光比例随Yb^(3+)离子浓度改变,当Er^(3+)和Yb^(3+)离子浓度分别为0.5%和3%时,样品上转换荧光强度最强。通过荧光强度比(FIR)技术研究了样品Lu_(2)O_(3)∶0.5%Er^(3+)/3%Yb^(3+)在298~873 K温度范围内上转换荧光温度传感特性,在532.8 K时最大绝对灵敏度为0.0060 K^(-1),在298 K时最大相对灵敏度为0.0090 K^(-1)。结果表明,Lu_(2)O_(3)∶Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)荧光材料非常适合用于宽温度范围荧光温度传感。     

Dynamic Modeling of the Feed Drive System of a CNC Metal Cutting Machine

Studying the vibrational behavior of feed drive systems is important for enhancing the structural performance of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. The preload on the screw and nut position have a great influence on the vibration characteristics of the feed drive as two very important operational conditions. Rotational acceleration of the screw also affects the performance of the CNC feed drive when machining small parts. This paper investigates the influence of preload and nut position on the vibration characteristics of the feed drive system of a CNC metal cutting machine in order to be able to eliminate an observed resonance occurred at high rotational speeds of the screw, corresponding to high feed rates. Additionally, rational structural parameters of the feed drive system are selected in order to increase the rotational acceleration for improving the performance of the CNC machine. Experiments and analyses showed that by selecting specific parameters of feed drive system and simultaneously applying a certain value of preload, a 97% increase in rotational acceleration and 30% time reduction considering the vibration resistance at high rotational speeds can be achieved.     

Modeling and Performance Optimization of an Irreversible Two-Stage Combined Thermal Brownian Heat Engine

Based on finite time thermodynamics, an irreversible combined thermal Brownian heat engine model is established in this paper. The model consists of two thermal Brownian heat engines which are operating in tandem with thermal contact with three heat reservoirs. The rates of heat transfer are finite between the heat engine and the reservoir. Considering the heat leakage and the losses caused by kinetic energy change of particles, the formulas of steady current, power output and efficiency are derived. The power output and efficiency of combined heat engine are smaller than that of single heat engine operating between reservoirs with same temperatures. When the potential filed is free from external load, the effects of asymmetry of the potential, barrier height and heat leakage on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. When the potential field is free from external load, the effects of basic design parameters on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. The optimal power and efficiency are obtained by optimizing the barrier heights of two heat engines. The optimal working regions are obtained. There is optimal temperature ratio which maximize the overall power output or efficiency. When the potential filed is subjected to external load, effect of external load is analyzed. The steady current decreases versus external load; the power output and efficiency are monotonically increasing versus external load.     

Performance of Portfolios Based on the Expected Utility-Entropy Fund Rating Approach

Yang and Qiu proposed and reframed an expected utility–entropy (EU-E) based decision model. Later on, a similar numerical representation for a risky choice was axiomatically developed by Luce et al. under the condition of segregation. Recently, we established a fund rating approach based on the EU-E decision model and Morningstar ratings. In this paper, we apply the approach to US mutual funds and construct portfolios using the best rating funds. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of the fund ratings based on the EU-E decision model against Morningstar ratings by examining the performance of the three models in portfolio selection. The conclusions show that portfolios constructed using the ratings based on the EU-E models with moderate tradeoff coefficients perform better than those constructed using Morningstar. The conclusion is robust to different rebalancing intervals.     

不确定二阶多智能体系统的鲁棒最优一致

针对不确定二阶多智能体系统,研究了其鲁棒最优一致性问题.首先,基于每个智能体所获得的邻居信息,设计了一个使多智能体系统达到一致的控制协议.其次,研究了多智能体系统的最优一致性问题,给出了系统在满足一定性能指标下达到一致的条件.再次,基于该条件,利用Schur补引理和线性矩阵不等式技术,给出了不确定系统达到鲁棒最优一致的条件.最后,通过仿真验证了所得结果的可行性.     

超临界CO2布雷登循环热电联供系统多目标优化

本文研究了以超临界CO₂布雷登循环为原动机的热电联供系统,对系统主要运行参数进行了分析,得到运行参数对于系统热力学性能和经济性能的影响规律。同时,以一次能源利用率和单位输出成本作为目标函数,采用多目标遗传算法对系统进行了优化;在优化结果的基础上,通过TOPSIS法决策出最优解,并与单目标最优解进行对比。结果表明,透平进口温度、透平进口压力和压缩机进口温度的增大有利于系统效率的提高;作为代价,成本也相应增加。在热电比0~4范围内,尽可能增大热电比能够最大程度上降低系统的单位输出成本,提高能源的利用率。     

卟啉钯敏化剂构效性质与三线态-三线态湮灭上转换性能研究

上转换发光是一种将长波长的激发光转化为短波长发射的反斯托克斯发光现象,三线态-三线态湮灭上转换（TTA-UC）能够在较低密度能量下被激发,且上转换量子产率高,因此获得研究者们广泛关注。关于敏化剂分子结构与上转换发光性能相关性的研究一直是TTA-UC研究领域的重要热点,选择两种代表性的卟啉钯光敏剂[PdOEP-八乙基卟啉钯(Ⅱ)和PdBrTPP-四溴苯基卟啉钯(Ⅱ)]与蒽衍生物9,10-(4-羟甲基)苯基蒽p-DHMPA发光剂组合上转换体系作为研究模型,通过一系列合成工作获得材料分子后,进一步比较两种敏化剂的光谱性质与体系最终上转换性能之间关系。通过细致研究敏化剂和发光剂的荧光发射和寿命等光谱性质对敏化剂系间窜越,三线态-三线态能量转移及三线态-三线态湮灭等能量传递过程的影响后,发现在532 nm处的摩尔吸光系数PdBrTPP (10.8 cm-1·mmol-1)大于PdOEP (3.0 cm-1·mmol-1);三线态寿命PdBrTPP (173.13 μs)大于PdOEP (109.21 μs)。但与p-DHMPA配对时光敏剂与发光剂的三线态能级差ΔE_TT,PdOEP (0.140 eV)却高于PdBrTPP (0.062 eV),通过Stern-Volmer方程得到Stern-Volmer猝灭常数K_SV和双分子猝灭常数k_q值也是PdOEP略高,最终表现出上转换阈值PdOEP/p-DHMPA (22.40 mW·cm-2)小于PdBrTPP/p-DHMPA (29.78 mW·cm-2),上转换发光效率Φ_UC,PdOEP/p-DHMPA (28.3％)大于PdBrTPP/p-DHMPA (26.8％)。因此,卟啉钯敏化剂的构效对三重态湮灭上转换发光效率影响最为重要的决定因素是敏化剂三线态高低。对于不同的敏化剂,在分子主体结构、摩尔吸光系数与三线态寿命等光谱参数差别不大的情况下,敏化剂的三线态能级越高,就将会具有更大的上转换发光效率。然而如果以总上转换能力指标来评价,PdBrTPP的共轭结构能够提升其在激发波长处吸收更多光子的能力,具有比PdOEP更高的摩尔吸光系数,造成其总上转换能力η比PdOEP高3.4倍。因此从上转换总效能指标来评价,通过敏化剂分子设计调控其在激发光波长处的摩尔吸光系数也不失为一种简单易行的方法。     

香蕉贮藏气体3D荧光表征特征选择及早期腐败预警初探

为利用3D荧光技术实现基于贮藏室气体荧光信息的香蕉腐败早期预警,选取两批不同贮藏日期的香蕉贮藏室气体进行三维荧光数据采集.首先对荧光数据进行了预处理:为消除三维荧光仪整体漂移现象,对得到的三维荧光数据进行去除漂移处理;利用matlab中eemscat工具包对瑞利与拉曼散射进行去除处理,有效消除了瑞利散射和拉曼散射的不利...     

Single Sample Path-Based Optimization of Markov Chains

Motivated by the needs of on-line optimization of real-world engineering systems, we studied single sample path-based algorithms for Markov decision problems (MDP). The sample path used in the algorithms can be obtained by observing the operation of a real system. We give a simple example to explain the advantages of the sample path-based approach over the traditional computation-based approach: matrix inversion is not required; some transition probabilities do not have to be known; it may save storage space; and it gives the flexibility of iterating the actions for a subset of the state space in each iteration. The effect of the estimation errors and the convergence property of the sample path-based approach are studied. Finally, we propose a fast algorithm, which updates the policy whenever the system reaches a particular set of states and prove that the algorithm converges to the true optimal policy with probability one under some conditions. The sample path-based approach may have important applications to the design and management of engineering systems, such as high speed communication networks.This work was supported in part by