The HPLC Enantioresolution of Phenyl Isothiocyanated Amino Acids on Vancomycin Bonded Phase Using the Acetonitrile‐Based Mobile Phase: A Comparison to the Teicoplanin Phase

The phenyl isothiocyanate, an electrophilic reagent for peptide chain sequencing, is used to pre‐column derivatize a variety of α‐amino acids in alkaline medium before their enantioresolution on a vancomycin bonded chiral phase using the acetonitrile‐based mobile phase. The observed resolution is believed to be due to the re‐location of the hydrogen receptor site from sulfur to nitrogen on the isothiocyanyl fragment of derivatizing reagent, which in turn changes the enantioselectivity. Under the same chromatographic conditions, the resolution for N‐benzoylated, 3,5‐dinitrobenzoylated and N‐carbobenzyloxylated amino acids is either not found or unsatisfactory. Also, no resolution is obtained in the reversed‐ or normal phase mode for all phenyl isothiocyanated amino acids examined in this study.     

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Amino Acids in Edible Seaweeds after Derivatization with Phenyl Isothiocyanate

Summary A reversed-phase high-performance liquid-chromatographic method has been used for analysis of the amino acids in edible seaweed. Sample proteins were hydrolysed with hydrochloric acid and the amino acids produced were derivatized with phenyl isothiocyanate. The resulting phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids were chromatographed on an ODS2 column with UV detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.14 M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 6.4, containing 0.05% triethylamine (A) and 60:40 (v/v) acetonitrile–water (B), at a flow rate of 1.1 mL min^–1; the elution gradient (min:A%) was: 0:90, 8:90, 10:70, 12:70, 18:52, 20:0, 25:0, 28:90, 35:90. Method precision for the different amino acids was between 1.33 and 3.88% (relative standard deviation); detection limits were between 6.9 and 14.3 ng mL^–1. The amino acid content of the algae analysed ranged from 22.4 ± 1.9 to 138.0 ± 5.6 mg g^–1 d.w. The amino acids present at highest concentrations were glutamic acid, alanine, and phenylalanine.     

N-二茂铁甲酰基-N′-芳(烷)基硫脲的合成及光谱性质研究

合成了二茂铁甲耽墓异硫氛酸始，并可与各种胺类(取代苯胺类，a-茶胺，低分于1的脂肪按，六红毗咬)反应，合成了未见报道的21种含二茂铁甲耽基的硫膝衍生物.本法简便，产物易分离提纯，产率高.二茂铁甲耽基异硫氛酸脂也可在低温(一5一0℃)下与强城性的脂肪胺在水溶液中石应.产物为经牙资夺娇_红夕卜产.讲_牙定磁共版讲确宁了里去构.     

Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(methylthio) pyrrole from methyl isothiocyanate and prop-2-yn-1-ol

A methylated adduct of lithiated 1-(1-ethoxyethoxy)allene and methyl isothiocyanate undergoes intramolecular cyclization in the presence of CuBr to give 3-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-1-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrrole. The methanolysis of the latter affords 3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrrole. Published inIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1645–1647, September, 2000.     

Optical probes for detection and quantification of neutrophils’ oxidative burst. A review

Neutrophils, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), are the most common type of white blood cells, comprising about 50-70% of all white blood cells. In the event of inflammatory processes, neutrophils display increased mobility, tissue influx ability, prolonged life span, and an increased phagocytic capacity, constituting the initial participants in the cellular defense of the organism. One of the most important defense systems of neutrophils corresponds to their ability to mediate a strong oxidative burst through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). While oxidative burst is important for the elimination of invading microorganisms, the overproduction of ROS and RNS or the impairment of endogenous antioxidant defenses may result to detrimental effects to the host. The nature and the extent of ROS and RNS production by neutrophils in response to different stimuli is, consequently, a matter of extensive research, with scientific reports showing an enormous variability on the detection methodologies employed. This review attempts to provide a critical assessment of the most common approaches to identify and quantify reactive species formed during the neutrophils’ oxidative burst. The detection mechanisms and performance, as well as advantages and limitations of the different methodologies, are scrutinized, focusing on the use of fluorimetric, chemiluminometric and colorimetric probes.     

A Fluorimetric Method for the Determination of Cyanide with Fluorescein and Iodine∗

Abstract

A rapid, simple and sensitive fluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of cyanide with fluorescein as fluorogenic reagent (λ_ex = 494 nm, λ_em = 514 nm) at pH 6.0–7.0. A linear calibration curve was obtained in the range 0.004–2.0 μg CN^?/25 ml. The detection limit is 0.004 μg CN^-/25 ml. The method was successfully applied to the determination of cyanide in waste water.

     

A bioinspired look at the glucosinolate metabolic pathway. Structural insights into the reaction of benzyl isothiocyanate and d-glucosamine

Through a well-established enzymatic transformation glucosinolates release reactive isothiocyanates that can undergo further metabolic pathways affording a plethora of reactive metabolites. This study explores in detail the reaction of benzyl isothiocyanate, which possesses antitumor activity as alkylating agent, with d-glucosamine, commonly employed in oral treatments against osteoarthritis and inflammation. Structures of the resulting products and their evolution have been assessed and compared with those involving d-glucose, reported previously. Chemical results suggest that clinical treatments with d-glucosamine could reduce the beneficial effects associated with diets based on glucosinolate-rich foods.     

Unexpected highly selective fluorescence ‘turn-on’ and ratiometric detection of Hg based on fluorescein platform

Methylated fluorescein 1 was explored for fluorescence ‘turn-on’ and ratiometric detection of Hg²⁺ in THF and CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (v/v=9:1), respectively, with unexpected high selectivity. In the presence of Hg²⁺, characteristic structured absorption band of 1 diminished and a new sharp band appeared at 445 nm. Meanwhile a blue shifted and enhanced emission was observed. The ratio of the fluorescence intensity at 559 and 478 nm increased linearly with [Hg²⁺], and solution color changing from yellow to cyan under irradiation at 365 nm in CH₂Cl₂/MeOH. Job plot indicated a 1:1 stoichiometry for 1-Hg²⁺ complex in solution. ¹H NMR titration and IR spectra suggested the coordination of carbonyl group in xanthene moiety to Hg²⁺, affording its spectral behavior. Compound 2 bearing two triazolyl amino esters in place of methyl group showed quite similar behavior to Hg²⁺, which indicated that substituents did not interfere with the specific binding behavior of fluorescein platform. Our work presents a new way to explore xanthene dyes as new chemosensors by modulating electron density on the xanthene ring through non-covalent interactions with carbonyl group.     

新型可用于荧光标记的α-氰基丙烯酸酯单体的合成及在小鼠活体成像中的应用

设计合成了新型含有荧光基团的α-氰基丙烯酸酯单体,并与其它α-氰基丙烯酸酯单体共聚,得到产生荧光的聚氰基丙烯酸酯材料.将其包埋在小鼠背部肌肉层,可获得良好的荧光成像效果.通过对荧光强度的监测,初步研究了聚氰基丙烯酸酯材料中的侧链酯基在小鼠体内的降解情况.单体合成是以蒽合氰基丙烯酸和4,4'-二甲氧基三苯基-氨基己醇为原料,得到蒽合氰基丙烯酸(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯基-氨基己醇)酯,脱保护后再将异硫氰酸荧光素以化学键合的方式标记在末端氨基上,脱蒽还原烯双键后,得到可用于荧光标记的α-氰基丙烯酸(异硫氰酸荧光素-氨基己醇)酯单体.反应中间体及单体结构采用核磁共振氢谱和质谱进行表征.该单体及其高聚物均可在激发光(488 nm)和发射光(525 nm)条件下观察到明显荧光.